Cette sourate est une malédiction lancée contre un adversaire dans lequel
la Tradition reconnaît soit al-’Akhnas ibn Charîq, soit al-Walîd ibn
al-Moghira.
Au nom d’Allah, le Bienfaiteur
miséricordieux.
1
Malheur au calomniateur acerbe
2
qui a
amassé une fortune et l’a comptée et recomptée !
3
Il
pense que sa fortune l’a rendu immortel.
4
Qu’il
prenne garde ! Il sera certes précipité dans la Hotama.
▶
Note [édition originale] :al-Ḥuṭamati est un
terme isolé, dérivé d’une racine qui signifie « consumer », peut-être
employé ici avec une valeur de nom propre. Le vt. qui suit inciterait à
penser qu’on a en ce mot une création coranique.
5
Et
qu’est-ce qui t’apprendra ce qu’est la Hotama ?
CHAP. CIV.
Intitled, The Slanderer; revealed atMecca.
In the name of the most merciful God.
1
WO unto every slanderer, and backbiter
a
Note [édition originale] :Wo unto every slanderer and backbiter, &c.]
This passage is said to have been revealed against al Akhnas Ebn
Shoreik, or al Walîd Ebn al Mogheira, or Omeyya Ebn Khalf,
who were all guilty
of slandering others, and especially the prophet.
1
1
Iidem.
:
2
who heapeth up riches, and prepareth the same for the time to come!
3
He thinketh that his riches will render him immortal.
4
By no means. He shall surely be cast into AL HOTAMA
b
Note [édition originale] :Al Hotama;] Is one of the names of hell,
or the name of one of its apartments2;
which is so called because it will break in pieces whatever shall be thrown
into it.
2See the Prelim. Disc. §. IV. p. 92.
.
5
And who shall cause thee to understand what AL HOTAMA is?
6
It is the kindled fire of God
c
Note [édition originale] :It is the kindled fire ofGod;] And therefore shall not be extinguished by any
3.
3AlBeidawi.
;
7
which shall mount above the hearts of those who shall be cast therein.
2.
Qui congregavit divitias, & præparavit eas in tempus futurum.
3
3.
Existimat,
quòd divitiæ suæ æternaturæ sint ipsum.
4
4.
Vah. Certè projicietur in
Confractorium.
5
5.
Quid verò intelligere faciet te, quid sit Confractorium ?
6
6.Est ignis Dei succensus.
7
7.
Qui
elevatur super corda.
8
8.
Porrò ipse super ea erit in modum fornicis sublatus.
9
9.
Cum columnis protensis.
▶
Note [édition originale] :NOTÆ.
Neque in loco traditionis Surę,
neque in numero commatum ejus omnes conveniunt. Quidam enim Meccanam,
& novem versuum faciunt : quidam verò Medinensem, & septem, vel
quinque versuum esse volunt. Illius Lectori اعطاه الله عشر حسنات بعدد من استهزى بمحمد واصحابه , dabit Deus decem bona
pro numero eorum, qui irriserunt Mahumetum, & socios ejus.
I. Vęh omni detractori. ] Zamchascerius : نزل في الاخنس بن شريق وقيل في أمية بن خلف وقيل في الوليد بن المغيرة Hęc revelata sunt contra Achnas filium
Seric. Alii dicunt contra Omiam filium Chalphi. Alii contra Valid
filium Mogheirę. Eodem modo alii Expositores.
IV. Confractorium. ] Ita vocant Gehennam, quia, ut ait Gelal, تحطم كلما القى فيها . Confringit, & comminuit, quidquid
conjicitur in illam.
R
Note [édition originale] :
REFUTATIONES.
Quod suprà non semel notavimus,
Mahumetus legem laturus pro Statutis ad Reipublicæ, vel Religionis
commune bonum spectantibus, satyras proponit, in quibus pus, atque
venenum evomit contra inimicos suos : quemadmodùm hìc contra Achnas,
Omiam, & Valid, juxta communem Expositorum sententiam. Hoc verò
nullo modo convenit bono Legislatori, ut jam diximus.
«ويل» كلمة عذاب أو وادٍ في جهنم «لكل هُمزة لُمزة» أي كثير الهمز واللمز، أي الغيبة نزلت فيمن كان يغتاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم والمؤمنين كأُمية بن خلف والوليد بن المغيرة وغيرهما.