Bibliographic Information

Sourate 16 - Coran 12-21. Traductions du Coran en Europe, XIIe-XXIe siècles - Sourate s16

Original Source

Witness List

  • Witness caire:
  • Witness hamidullah:
  • Witness blachere:
  • Witness arberry:
  • Witness pickthall:
  • Witness sale:
  • Witness postnikov:
  • Witness marracci:
  • Witness duryer:
  • Witness arrivabene:
  • Witness bibliander:
  • Witness jalalayn:

Electronic Edition Information:

Responsibility Statement:
  • Structuration des données (TEI) Paul Gaillardon, Maud Ingarao (Pôle HN IHRIM)
Publication Details:

Published by IHRIM.

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À faire.

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Cairo Edition, 1924Context
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سورة النحل
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
1
أَتَى أَمْرُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
2
يُنَزِّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَن يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ أَنْ أَنذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ
3
خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ تَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
4
خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ خَصِيمٌ مُّبِينٌ
5
وَالْأَنْعَامَ خَلَقَهَا لَكُمْ فِيهَا دِفْءٌ وَمَنَافِعُ وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ
6
وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا جَمَالٌ حِينَ تُرِيحُونَ وَحِينَ تَسْرَحُونَ
7
وَتَحْمِلُ أَثْقَالَكُمْ إِلَى بَلَدٍ لَّمْ تَكُونُوا بَالِغِيهِ إِلَّا بِشِقِّ الْأَنفُسِ إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ لَرَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
8
وَالْخَيْلَ وَالْبِغَالَ وَالْحَمِيرَ لِتَرْكَبُوهَا وَزِينَةً وَيَخْلُقُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
9
وَعَلَى اللَّهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ وَمِنْهَا جَائِرٌ وَلَوْ شَاءَ لَهَدَاكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
10
هُوَ الَّذِي أَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لَّكُم مِّنْهُ شَرَابٌ وَمِنْهُ شَجَرٌ فِيهِ تُسِيمُونَ
11
يُنبِتُ لَكُم بِهِ الزَّرْعَ وَالزَّيْتُونَ وَالنَّخِيلَ وَالْأَعْنَابَ وَمِن كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
12
وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَاتٌ بِأَمْرِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
13
وَمَا ذَرَأَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُخْتَلِفًا أَلْوَانُهُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يَذَّكَّرُونَ
14
وَهُوَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ الْبَحْرَ لِتَأْكُلُوا مِنْهُ لَحْمًا طَرِيًّا وَتَسْتَخْرِجُوا مِنْهُ حِلْيَةً تَلْبَسُونَهَا وَتَرَى الْفُلْكَ مَوَاخِرَ فِيهِ وَلِتَبْتَغُوا مِن فَضْلِهِ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
15
وَأَلْقَى فِي الْأَرْضِ رَوَاسِيَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ وَأَنْهَارًا وَسُبُلًا لَّعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ
16
وَعَلَامَاتٍ وَبِالنَّجْمِ هُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ
17
أَفَمَن يَخْلُقُ كَمَن لَّا يَخْلُقُ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ
18
وَإِن تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ لَا تُحْصُوهَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
19
وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُسِرُّونَ وَمَا تُعْلِنُونَ
20
وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ لَا يَخْلُقُونَ شَيْئًا وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ
21
أَمْوَاتٌ غَيْرُ أَحْيَاءٍ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَيَّانَ يُبْعَثُونَ
22
إِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ فَالَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ قُلُوبُهُم مُّنكِرَةٌ وَهُم مُّسْتَكْبِرُونَ
23
لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْتَكْبِرِينَ
24
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُم مَّاذَا أَنزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ قَالُوا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
25
لِيَحْمِلُوا أَوْزَارَهُمْ كَامِلَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمِنْ أَوْزَارِ الَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَهُم بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ أَلَا سَاءَ مَا يَزِرُونَ
26
قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بُنْيَانَهُم مِّنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ
27
ثُمَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُخْزِيهِمْ وَيَقُولُ أَيْنَ شُرَكَائِيَ الَّذِينَ كُنتُمْ تُشَاقُّونَ فِيهِمْ قَالَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ إِنَّ الْخِزْيَ الْيَوْمَ وَالسُّوءَ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ
28
الَّذِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنفُسِهِمْ فَأَلْقَوُا السَّلَمَ مَا كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ مِن سُوءٍ بَلَى إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
29
فَادْخُلُوا أَبْوَابَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا فَلَبِئْسَ مَثْوَى الْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ
30
وَقِيلَ لِلَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا مَاذَا أَنزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ قَالُوا خَيْرًا لِّلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةٌ وَلَدَارُ الْآخِرَةِ خَيْرٌ وَلَنِعْمَ دَارُ الْمُتَّقِينَ
31
جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَهَا تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ لَهُمْ فِيهَا مَا يَشَاءُونَ كَذَلِكَ يَجْزِي اللَّهُ الْمُتَّقِينَ
32
الَّذِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ طَيِّبِينَ يَقُولُونَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمُ ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
33
هَلْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَن تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ رَبِّكَ كَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ وَمَا ظَلَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَلَكِن كَانُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
34
فَأَصَابَهُمْ سَيِّئَاتُ مَا عَمِلُوا وَحَاقَ بِهِم مَّا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ
35
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا عَبَدْنَا مِن دُونِهِ مِن شَيْءٍ نَّحْنُ وَلَا آبَاؤُنَا وَلَا حَرَّمْنَا مِن دُونِهِ مِن شَيْءٍ كَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ فَهَلْ عَلَى الرُّسُلِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ
36
وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلَالَةُ فَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ
37
إِن تَحْرِصْ عَلَى هُدَاهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي مَن يُضِلُّ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن نَّاصِرِينَ
38
وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَا يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ مَن يَمُوتُ بَلَى وَعْدًا عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
39
لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمُ الَّذِي يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا كَاذِبِينَ
40
إِنَّمَا قَوْلُنَا لِشَيْءٍ إِذَا أَرَدْنَاهُ أَن نَّقُولَ لَهُ كُن فَيَكُونُ
41
وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا فِي اللَّهِ مِن بَعْدِ مَا ظُلِمُوا لَنُبَوِّئَنَّهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَلَأَجْرُ الْآخِرَةِ أَكْبَرُ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ
42
الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ
43
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ إِلَّا رِجَالًا نُّوحِي إِلَيْهِمْ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
44
بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالزُّبُرِ وَأَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الذِّكْرَ لِتُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ مَا نُزِّلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
45
أَفَأَمِنَ الَّذِينَ مَكَرُوا السَّيِّئَاتِ أَن يَخْسِفَ اللَّهُ بِهِمُ الْأَرْضَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ
46
أَوْ يَأْخُذَهُمْ فِي تَقَلُّبِهِمْ فَمَا هُم بِمُعْجِزِينَ
47
أَوْ يَأْخُذَهُمْ عَلَى تَخَوُّفٍ فَإِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ لَرَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
48
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا إِلَى مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِن شَيْءٍ يَتَفَيَّأُ ظِلَالُهُ عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَالشَّمَائِلِ سُجَّدًا لِّلَّهِ وَهُمْ دَاخِرُونَ
49
وَلِلَّهِ يَسْجُدُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مِن دَابَّةٍ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَهُمْ لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ
50
يَخَافُونَ رَبَّهُم مِّن فَوْقِهِمْ وَيَفْعَلُونَ مَا يُؤْمَرُونَ
51
وَقَالَ اللَّهُ لَا تَتَّخِذُوا إِلَهَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ فَإِيَّايَ فَارْهَبُونِ
52
وَلَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلَهُ الدِّينُ وَاصِبًا أَفَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ تَتَّقُونَ
53
وَمَا بِكُم مِّن نِّعْمَةٍ فَمِنَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ إِذَا مَسَّكُمُ الضُّرُّ فَإِلَيْهِ تَجْأَرُونَ
54
ثُمَّ إِذَا كَشَفَ الضُّرَّ عَنكُمْ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِّنكُم بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ
55
لِيَكْفُرُوا بِمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ فَتَمَتَّعُوا فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ
56
وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُونَ نَصِيبًا مِّمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ تَاللَّهِ لَتُسْأَلُنَّ عَمَّا كُنتُمْ تَفْتَرُونَ
57
وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ الْبَنَاتِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَلَهُم مَّا يَشْتَهُونَ
58
وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُم بِالْأُنثَى ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ
59
يَتَوَارَى مِنَ الْقَوْمِ مِن سُوءِ مَا بُشِّرَ بِهِ أَيُمْسِكُهُ عَلَى هُونٍ أَمْ يَدُسُّهُ فِي التُّرَابِ أَلَا سَاءَ مَا يَحْكُمُونَ
60
لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ مَثَلُ السَّوْءِ وَلِلَّهِ الْمَثَلُ الْأَعْلَى وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
61
وَلَوْ يُؤَاخِذُ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ بِظُلْمِهِم مَّا تَرَكَ عَلَيْهَا مِن دَابَّةٍ وَلَكِن يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَجَلُهُمْ لَا يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ سَاعَةً وَلَا يَسْتَقْدِمُونَ
62
وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ مَا يَكْرَهُونَ وَتَصِفُ أَلْسِنَتُهُمُ الْكَذِبَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ الْحُسْنَى لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ النَّارَ وَأَنَّهُم مُّفْرَطُونَ
63
تَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَى أُمَمٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ فَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ فَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُمُ الْيَوْمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
64
وَمَا أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا لِتُبَيِّنَ لَهُمُ الَّذِي اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ
65
وَاللَّهُ أَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يَسْمَعُونَ
66
وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَنْعَامِ لَعِبْرَةً نُّسْقِيكُم مِّمَّا فِي بُطُونِهِ مِن بَيْنِ فَرْثٍ وَدَمٍ لَّبَنًا خَالِصًا سَائِغًا لِّلشَّارِبِينَ
67
وَمِن ثَمَرَاتِ النَّخِيلِ وَالْأَعْنَابِ تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
68
وَأَوْحَى رَبُّكَ إِلَى النَّحْلِ أَنِ اتَّخِذِي مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا وَمِنَ الشَّجَرِ وَمِمَّا يَعْرِشُونَ
69
ثُمَّ كُلِي مِن كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ فَاسْلُكِي سُبُلَ رَبِّكِ ذُلُلًا يَخْرُجُ مِن بُطُونِهَا شَرَابٌ مُّخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ فِيهِ شِفَاءٌ لِّلنَّاسِ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
70
وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُرَدُّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْ لَا يَعْلَمَ بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ قَدِيرٌ
71
وَاللَّهُ فَضَّلَ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الرِّزْقِ فَمَا الَّذِينَ فُضِّلُوا بِرَادِّي رِزْقِهِمْ عَلَى مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَهُمْ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ أَفَبِنِعْمَةِ اللَّهِ يَجْحَدُونَ
72
وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَزْوَاجِكُم بَنِينَ وَحَفَدَةً وَرَزَقَكُم مِّنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ أَفَبِالْبَاطِلِ يُؤْمِنُونَ وَبِنِعْمَتِ اللَّهِ هُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ
73
وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَمْلِكُ لَهُمْ رِزْقًا مِّنَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ
74
فَلَا تَضْرِبُوا لِلَّهِ الْأَمْثَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
75
ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَّمْلُوكًا لَّا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَمَن رَّزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنفِقُ مِنْهُ سِرًّا وَجَهْرًا هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
76
وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا رَّجُلَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا أَبْكَمُ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ كَلٌّ عَلَى مَوْلَاهُ أَيْنَمَا يُوَجِّههُّ لَا يَأْتِ بِخَيْرٍ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي هُوَ وَمَن يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَهُوَ عَلَى صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ
77
وَلِلَّهِ غَيْبُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا أَمْرُ السَّاعَةِ إِلَّا كَلَمْحِ الْبَصَرِ أَوْ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
78
وَاللَّهُ أَخْرَجَكُم مِّن بُطُونِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ شَيْئًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَالْأَبْصَارَ وَالْأَفْئِدَةَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
79
أَلَمْ يَرَوْا إِلَى الطَّيْرِ مُسَخَّرَاتٍ فِي جَوِّ السَّمَاءِ مَا يُمْسِكُهُنَّ إِلَّا اللَّهُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ
80
وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّن بُيُوتِكُمْ سَكَنًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّن جُلُودِ الْأَنْعَامِ بُيُوتًا تَسْتَخِفُّونَهَا يَوْمَ ظَعْنِكُمْ وَيَوْمَ إِقَامَتِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَصْوَافِهَا وَأَوْبَارِهَا وَأَشْعَارِهَا أَثَاثًا وَمَتَاعًا إِلَى حِينٍ
81
وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّمَّا خَلَقَ ظِلَالًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ الْجِبَالِ أَكْنَانًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ سَرَابِيلَ تَقِيكُمُ الْحَرَّ وَسَرَابِيلَ تَقِيكُم بَأْسَكُمْ كَذَلِكَ يُتِمُّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُسْلِمُونَ
82
فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ
83
يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُنكِرُونَهَا وَأَكْثَرُهُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ
84
وَيَوْمَ نَبْعَثُ مِن كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ شَهِيدًا ثُمَّ لَا يُؤْذَنُ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَلَا هُمْ يُسْتَعْتَبُونَ
85
وَإِذَا رَأَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا الْعَذَابَ فَلَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يُنظَرُونَ
86
وَإِذَا رَأَى الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا شُرَكَاءَهُمْ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا هَؤُلَاءِ شُرَكَاؤُنَا الَّذِينَ كُنَّا نَدْعُو مِن دُونِكَ فَأَلْقَوْا إِلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلَ إِنَّكُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ
87
وَأَلْقَوْا إِلَى اللَّهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ السَّلَمَ وَضَلَّ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ
88
الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ زِدْنَاهُمْ عَذَابًا فَوْقَ الْعَذَابِ بِمَا كَانُوا يُفْسِدُونَ
89
وَيَوْمَ نَبْعَثُ فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ شَهِيدًا عَلَيْهِم مِّنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ شَهِيدًا عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِّكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً وَبُشْرَى لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ
90
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ وَإِيتَاءِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنكَرِ وَالْبَغْيِ يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ
91
وَأَوْفُوا بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ إِذَا عَاهَدتُّمْ وَلَا تَنقُضُوا الْأَيْمَانَ بَعْدَ تَوْكِيدِهَا وَقَدْ جَعَلْتُمُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْكُمْ كَفِيلًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ
92
وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّتِي نَقَضَتْ غَزْلَهَا مِن بَعْدِ قُوَّةٍ أَنكَاثًا تَتَّخِذُونَ أَيْمَانَكُمْ دَخَلًا بَيْنَكُمْ أَن تَكُونَ أُمَّةٌ هِيَ أَرْبَى مِنْ أُمَّةٍ إِنَّمَا يَبْلُوكُمُ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَلَيُبَيِّنَنَّ لَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ
93
وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَكُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَكِن يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ وَلَتُسْأَلُنَّ عَمَّا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
94
وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ دَخَلًا بَيْنَكُمْ فَتَزِلَّ قَدَمٌ بَعْدَ ثُبُوتِهَا وَتَذُوقُوا السُّوءَ بِمَا صَدَدتُّمْ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَكُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
95
وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا إِنَّمَا عِندَ اللَّهِ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
96
مَا عِندَكُمْ يَنفَدُ وَمَا عِندَ اللَّهِ بَاقٍ وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّ الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا أَجْرَهُم بِأَحْسَنِ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
97
مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَاةً طَيِّبَةً وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَجْرَهُم بِأَحْسَنِ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
98
فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ
99
إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ سُلْطَانٌ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ
100
إِنَّمَا سُلْطَانُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُ وَالَّذِينَ هُم بِهِ مُشْرِكُونَ
101
وَإِذَا بَدَّلْنَا آيَةً مَّكَانَ آيَةٍ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُنَزِّلُ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا أَنتَ مُفْتَرٍ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
102
قُلْ نَزَّلَهُ رُوحُ الْقُدُسِ مِن رَّبِّكَ بِالْحَقِّ لِيُثَبِّتَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ
103
وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ لِّسَانُ الَّذِي يُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِيٌّ وَهَذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُّبِينٌ
104
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَا يَهْدِيهِمُ اللَّهُ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
105
إِنَّمَا يَفْتَرِي الْكَذِبَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ
106
مَن كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِن بَعْدِ إِيمَانِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَكِن مَّن شَرَحَ بِالْكُفْرِ صَدْرًا فَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
107
ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اسْتَحَبُّوا الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ
108
أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ وَسَمْعِهِمْ وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْغَافِلُونَ
109
لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ
110
ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا مِن بَعْدِ مَا فُتِنُوا ثُمَّ جَاهَدُوا وَصَبَرُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِن بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
111
يَوْمَ تَأْتِي كُلُّ نَفْسٍ تُجَادِلُ عَن نَّفْسِهَا وَتُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّا عَمِلَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ
112
وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا قَرْيَةً كَانَتْ آمِنَةً مُّطْمَئِنَّةً يَأْتِيهَا رِزْقُهَا رَغَدًا مِّن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ فَكَفَرَتْ بِأَنْعُمِ اللَّهِ فَأَذَاقَهَا اللَّهُ لِبَاسَ الْجُوعِ وَالْخَوْفِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ
113
وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ
114
فَكُلُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا وَاشْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ
115
إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
116
وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَا تَصِفُ أَلْسِنَتُكُمُ الْكَذِبَ هَذَا حَلَالٌ وَهَذَا حَرَامٌ لِّتَفْتَرُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ لَا يُفْلِحُونَ
117
مَتَاعٌ قَلِيلٌ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
118
وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا مَا قَصَصْنَا عَلَيْكَ مِن قَبْلُ وَمَا ظَلَمْنَاهُمْ وَلَكِن كَانُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
119
ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ عَمِلُوا السُّوءَ بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ تَابُوا مِن بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِن بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
120
إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتًا لِّلَّهِ حَنِيفًا وَلَمْ يَكُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ
121
شَاكِرًا لِّأَنْعُمِهِ اجْتَبَاهُ وَهَدَاهُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ
122
وَآتَيْنَاهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَإِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ
123
ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ
124
إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ السَّبْتُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَيَحْكُمُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ
125
ادْعُ إِلَى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَجَادِلْهُم بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ
126
وَإِنْ عَاقَبْتُمْ فَعَاقِبُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا عُوقِبْتُم بِهِ وَلَئِن صَبَرْتُمْ لَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لِّلصَّابِرِينَ
127
وَاصْبِرْ وَمَا صَبْرُكَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ وَلَا تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا تَكُ فِي ضَيْقٍ مِّمَّا يَمْكُرُونَ
128
إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوا وَّالَّذِينَ هُم مُّحْسِنُونَ
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Revised Hamidullah, 2000Context
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Les abeilles (An-Nahl)
1
L’ordre d’Allah arrive. Ne le hâtez donc pas. Gloire à Lui ! Il est au-dessus de ce qu’on Lui associe.
2
Il fait descendre, par Son ordre, les Anges, avec la révélation sur qui Il veut parmi Ses serviteurs : « Avertissez qu’il n’est d’autre divinité que Moi. Craignez-Moi donc ».
3
Il a créé les cieux et la terre avec juste raison. Il transcende ce qu’on [Lui] associe.
4
Il a créé l’homme d’une goutte de sperme ; et voilà que l’homme devient un disputeur déclaré.
5
Et les bestiaux, Il les a créés pour vous ; vous en retirez des [vêtements] chauds ainsi que d’autres profits. Et vous en mangez aussi.
6
Ils vous paraissent beaux quand vous les ramenez, le soir, et aussi le matin quand vous les lâchez pour le pâturage.
7
Et ils portent vos fardeaux vers un pays que vous n’atteindriez qu’avec peine. Vraiment, votre Seigneur est Compatissant et Miséricordieux.
8
Et les chevaux, les mulets et les ânes, pour que vous les montiez, et pour l’apparat. Et Il crée ce que vous ne savez pas.
9
Il appartient à Allah [par Sa grâce, de montrer] le droit chemin car il en est qui s’en détachent. Or, s’Il voulait, Il vous guiderait tous.
10
C’est Lui qui, du ciel, a fait descendre de l’eau qui vous sert de boisson et grâce à laquelle poussent des plantes dont vous nourrissez vos troupeaux.
11
D’elle, Il fait pousser pour vous, les cultures, les oliviers, les palmiers, les vignes et aussi toutes sortes de fruits. Voilà bien là une preuve pour des gens qui réfléchissent.
12
Pour vous, Il a assujetti la nuit et le jour ; le soleil et la lune. Et à Son ordre sont assujetties les étoiles. Voilà bien là des preuves pour des gens qui raisonnent.
13
Ce qu’Il a créé pour vous sur la terre a des couleurs diverses. Voilà bien là une preuve pour des gens qui se rappellent.
14
Et c’est Lui qui a assujetti la mer afin que vous en mangiez une chair fraîche, et que vous en retiriez des parures que vous portez. Et tu vois les bateaux fendre la mer avec bruit, pour que vous partiez en quête de Sa grâce et afin que vous soyez reconnaissants.
15
Et Il a implanté des montagnes immobiles dans la terre afin qu’elle ne branle pas en vous emportant avec elle de même que des rivières et des sentiers, pour que vous vous guidiez,
16
ainsi que des points de repère. Et au moyen des étoiles [les gens] se guident.
17
Celui qui crée est-il semblable à celui qui ne crée rien ? Ne vous souvenez-vous pas ?
18
Et si vous comptez les bienfaits d’Allah, vous ne saurez pas les dénombrer. Car Allah est Pardonneur, et Miséricordieux.
19
Et Allah sait ce que vous cachez et ce que vous divulguez.
20
Et ceux qu’ils invoquent en dehors d’Allah ne créent rien, et ils sont eux-mêmes créés.
21
Ils sont morts, et non pas vivants, et ils ne savent pas quand ils seront ressuscités.
22
Votre Dieu est un Dieu unique. Ceux qui ne croient pas en l’au-delà leurs cœurs nient (l’unicité d’Allah) et ils sont remplis d’orgueil.
23
Nul doute qu’Allah sait ce qu’ils cachent et ce qu’ils divulguent. Et assurément Il n’aime pas les orgueilleux.
24
Et lorsqu’on leur dit : « Qu’est-ce que votre Seigneur a fait descendre ? » Ils disent : « Des légendes anciennes ! »
25
Qu’ils portent donc, au Jour de la Résurrection, tous les fardeaux de leurs propres œuvres ainsi qu’une partie des fardeaux de ceux qu’ils égarent, sans le savoir ; combien est mauvais [le fardeau] qu’ils portent !
26
Ceux qui ont vécu avant eux, certes, ont comploté, mais Allah attaqua les bases mêmes de leur bâtisse. Le toit s’écroula au-dessus d’eux et le châtiment les surprit d’où ils ne l’avaient pas pressenti.
27
Puis, le Jour de la Résurrection, Il les couvrira d’ignominie, et [leur] dira : « Où sont Mes associés pour lesquels vous combattiez ? » - Ceux qui ont le savoir diront : « L’ignominie et le malheur tombent aujourd’hui sur les mécréants ».
28
Ceux à qui les Anges ôtent la vie, alors qu’ils sont injustes envers eux-mêmes, se soumettront humiliés, (et diront): « Nous ne faisions pas de mal ! » - « Mais, en fait, Allah sait bien ce que vous faisiez ».
29
Entrez donc par les portes de l’Enfer pour y demeurer éternellement. Combien est mauvaise la demeure des orgueilleux !
30
Et on dira à ceux qui étaient pieux : « Qu’a fait descendre votre Seigneur ? » Ils diront : « Un bien ». Ceux qui font les bonnes œuvres auront un bien ici-bas ; mais la demeure de l’au-delà est certes meilleure. Combien agréable sera la demeure des pieux !
31
Les jardins du séjour (éternel), où ils entreront et sous lesquels coulent les ruisseaux. Ils auront là ce qu’ils voudront ; c’est ainsi qu’Allah récompense les pieux.
32
Ceux dont les Anges reprennent l’âme - alors qu’ils sont bons - [les Anges leur] disent : « Paix sur vous ! Entrez au Paradis, pour ce que vous faisiez ».
33
[Les infidèles] attendent-ils que les Anges leur viennent, ou que survienne l’ordre de ton Seigneur ? Ainsi agissaient les gens avant eux. Allah ne les a pas lésés ; mais ils faisaient du tort à eux-mêmes.
34
Les méfaits qu’ils accomplissaient les atteindront, et ce dont ils se moquaient les cernera de toutes parts.
35
Et les associateurs dirent : « Si Allah avait voulu, nous n’aurions pas adoré quoi que ce soit en dehors de Lui, ni nous ni nos ancêtres ; et nous n’aurions rien interdit qu’Il n’ait interdit Lui-même ». Ainsi agissaient les gens avant eux. N’incombe-t-il aux messagers sinon de transmettre le message en toute clarté ?
36
Nous avons envoyé dans chaque communauté un Messager, [pour leur dire]: « Adorez Allah et écartez-vous du Tâgût ». Alors Allah en guida certains, mais il y en eut qui ont été destinés à l’égarement. Parcourez donc la terre, et regardez quelle fut la fin de ceux qui traitaient [Nos messagers] de menteurs.
37
Même si tu désirais ardemment qu’ils soient guidés... [Sache] qu’Allah ne guide pas ceux qui s’égarent. Et ils n’auront pas de secoureurs.
38
Et ils jurent par Allah en prononçant leurs serments les plus solennels : « Allah ne ressuscitera pas celui qui meurt ». Bien au contraire ! C’est une promesse véritable [de Sa part], mais la plupart des gens ne le savent pas.
39
(Il les ressuscitera) afin qu’Il leur expose clairement ce en quoi ils divergeaient, et pour que ceux qui ont mécru sachent qu’ils ont été des menteurs.
40
Quand Nous voulons une chose, Notre seule parole est : « Sois ». Et, elle est.
41
Et ceux qui, pour (la cause d’) Allah, ont émigré après avoir subi des injustices, Nous les installerons dans une situation agréable dans la vie d’ici-bas. Et le salaire de la vie dernière sera plus grand encore s’ils savaient.
42
Eux qui ont enduré et placé leur confiance en leur Seigneur.
43
Nous n’avons envoyé, avant toi, que des hommes auxquels Nous avons fait des révélations. Demandez donc aux gens du rappel si vous ne savez pas.
44
(Nous les avons envoyés) avec des preuves évidentes et des livres saints. Et vers toi, Nous avons fait descendre le Coran, pour que tu exposes clairement aux gens ce qu’on a fait descendre pour eux et afin qu’ils réfléchissent.
45
Ceux qui complotaient des méfaits sont-ils à l’abri de ce qu’Allah les engloutisse en terre ou que leur vienne le châtiment d’où ils ne s’attendaient point ?
46
Ou bien qu’Il les saisisse en pleine activité sans qu’ils puissent échapper (au châtiment d’Allah).
47
Ou bien qu’Il les saisisse en plein effroi ? Mais vraiment, votre Seigneur est Compatissant et Miséricordieux.
48
N’ont-ils point vu que les ombres de toute chose qu’Allah a créée s’allongent à droite et à gauche, en se prosternant devant Allah, en toute humilité ?
49
Et c’est devant Allah que se prosterne tout être vivant dans les cieux, et sur la terre ; ainsi que les Anges qui ne s’enflent pas d’orgueil.
50
Ils craignent leur Seigneur, au-dessus d’eux, et font ce qui leur est commandé.
51
Allah dit : « Ne prenez pas deux divinités. Il n’est qu’un Dieu unique. Donc, ne craignez que Moi ».
52
C’est à Lui qu’appartient ce qui est dans les cieux et sur la terre ; c’est à Lui que l’obéissance perpétuelle est due. Craindriez-vous donc, d’autres qu’Allah ?
53
Et tout ce que vous avez comme bienfait provient d’Allah. Puis quand le malheur vous touche, c’est Lui que vous implorez à haute voix.
54
Et une fois qu’Il a dissipé votre malheur, voilà qu’une partie d’entre vous se mettent à donner des associés à leur Seigneur,
55
méconnaissant ainsi ce que Nous leur avons donné. Jouissez donc [pour un temps !] Bientôt vous saurez !
56
Et ils assignent une partie [des biens] que Nous leur avons attribués à [des idoles] qu’ils ne connaissent pas. Par Allah ! Vous serez certes interrogés sur ce que vous inventiez.
57
Et ils assignent à Allah des filles. Gloire et pureté à Lui ! Et à eux-mêmes, cependant, (ils assignent) ce qu’ils désirent (des fils).
58
Et lorsqu’on annonce à l’un d’eux une fille, son visage s’assombrit et une rage profonde [l’envahit].
59
Il se cache des gens, à cause du malheur qu’on lui a annoncé. Doit-il la garder malgré la honte ou l’enfouira-t-il dans la terre ? Combien est mauvais leur jugement !
60
C’est à ceux qui ne croient pas en l’au-delà que revient le mauvais qualificatif (qu’ils ont attribué à Allah). Tandis qu’à Allah [Seul] est le qualificatif suprême. Et c’est Lui le Tout Puissant, le Sage.
61
Si Allah s’en prenait aux gens pour leurs méfaits, Il ne laisserait sur cette terre aucun être vivant. Mais Il les renvoie jusqu’à un terme fixé. Puis, quand leur terme vient, ils ne peuvent ni le retarder d’une heure ni l’avancer.
62
Et ils assignent à Allah ce qu’ils détestent [pour eux-mêmes]. Et leurs langues profèrent un mensonge quand ils disent que la plus belle récompense leur sera réservée. C’est le Feu, sans nul doute, qui leur sera réservé et ils y seront envoyés, les premiers.
63
Par Allah ! Nous avons effectivement envoyé (des messagers) à des communautés avant toi. Mais le Diable leur enjoliva ce qu’ils faisaient. C’est lui qui est, leur allié, aujourd’hui [dans ce monde]. Et ils auront un châtiment douloureux [dans l’au-delà].
64
Et Nous n’avons fait descendre sur toi le Livre qu’afin que tu leur montres clairement le motif de leur dissension, de même qu’un guide et une miséricorde pour des gens croyants.
65
Allah a fait descendre du ciel une eau avec laquelle Il revivifie la terre après sa mort. Il y a vraiment là une preuve pour des gens qui entendent.
66
Il y a certes un enseignement pour vous dans les bestiaux : Nous vous abreuvons de ce qui est dans leurs ventres, - [un produit] extrait du [mélange] des excréments [intestinaux] et du sang - un lait pur, délicieux pour les buveurs.
67
Des fruits des palmiers et des vignes, vous retirez une boisson enivrante et un aliment excellent. Il y a vraiment là un signe pour des gens qui raisonnent.
68
[Et voilà] ce que ton Seigneur révéla aux abeilles : « Prenez des demeures dans les montagnes, les arbres, et les treillages que [les hommes] font.
69
Puis mangez de toute espèce de fruits, et suivez les sentiers de votre Seigneur, rendus faciles pour vous. De leur ventre, sort une liqueur, aux couleurs variées, dans laquelle il y a une guérison pour les gens. Il y a vraiment là une preuve pour des gens qui réfléchissent.
70
Allah vous a créés ! Puis Il vous fera mourir. Tel parmi vous sera reconduit jusqu’à l’âge le plus vil, de sorte qu’après avoir su, il arrive à ne plus rien savoir. Allah est, certes, Omniscient et Omnipotent.
71
Allah a favorisé les uns d’entre vous par rapport aux autres dans [la répartition] de Ses dons. Ceux qui ont été favorisés ne sont nullement disposés à donner leur portion à ceux qu’ils possèdent de plein droit [esclaves] au point qu’ils y deviennent associés à part égale. Nieront-ils les bienfaits d’Allah ?
72
Allah vous a fait à partir de vous-mêmes des épouses, et de vos épouses Il vous a donné des enfants et des petits-enfants. Et Il vous a attribué de bonnes choses. Croient-ils donc au faux et nient-ils le bienfait d’Allah ?
73
Et ils adorent, en dehors d’Allah, ce qui ne peut leur procurer aucune nourriture des cieux et de la terre et qui n’est capable de rien.
74
N’attribuez donc pas à Allah des semblables. Car Allah sait, tandis que vous ne savez pas.
75
Allah propose en parabole un esclave appartenant [à son maître], dépourvu de tout pouvoir, et un homme à qui Nous avons accordé de Notre part une bonne attribution dont il dépense en secret et en public. [Ces deux hommes] sont-ils égaux ? Louange à Allah ! Mais la plupart d’entre eux ne savent pas.
76
Et Allah propose en parabole deux hommes : l’un d’eux est muet, dépourvu de tout pouvoir et totalement à la charge de son maître ; Quelque lieu où celui-ci l’envoie, il ne rapporte rien de bon ; serait-il l’égal de celui qui ordonne la justice et qui est sur le droit chemin ?
77
C’est à Allah qu’appartient l’inconnaissable des cieux et de la terre. Et l’ordre [concernant] l’Heure ne sera que comme un clin d’œil ou plus bref encore ! Car Allah est, certes, Omnipotent.
78
Et Allah vous a fait sortir des ventres de vos mères, dénués de tout savoir, et vous a donné l’ouïe, les yeux et les cœurs (l’intelligence), afin que vous ; soyez reconnaissants.
79
N’ont-ils pas vu les oiseaux assujettis [au vol] dans l’atmosphère du ciel sans que rien ne les retienne en dehors d’Allah ? Il y a vraiment là des preuves pour des gens qui croient.
80
Et Allah vous a fait de vos maisons une habitation, tout comme Il vous a procuré des maisons faites de peaux de bêtes que vous trouvez légères, le jour où vous vous déplacez et le jour où vous vous campez. De leur laine, de leur poil et de leur crin (Il vous a procuré) des effets et des objets dont vous jouissez pour un certain délai.
81
Et de ce qu’Il a créé, Allah vous a procuré des ombres. Et Il vous a procuré des abris dans les montagnes. Et Il vous a procuré des vêtements qui vous protègent de la chaleur, ainsi que des vêtements [cuirasses, armures] qui vous protègent de votre propre violence. C’est ainsi qu’Allah parachève sur vous Son bienfait, peut-être que vous vous soumettez.
82
S’ils se détournent... il ne t’incombe que la communication claire.
83
Ils reconnaissent le bienfait d’Allah ; puis, ils le renient. Et la plupart d’entre eux sont des ingrats.
84
(Et rappelle-toi) le jour où de chaque communauté Nous susciterons un témoin, on ne permettra pas aux infidèles (de s’excuser), et on ne leur demandera pas de revenir [sur ce qui a provoqué la colère d’Allah].
85
Et quand les injustes verront le châtiment, on ne leur accordera ni allégement ni répit.
86
Quand les associateurs verront ceux qu’ils associaient à Allah, ils diront : « O notre Seigneur, voilà nos divinités que nous invoquions en dehors de Toi ». Mais [leurs associés] leur adresseront la parole : « Vous êtes assurément des menteurs ».
87
Ils offriront ce jour-là à Allah la soumission, et ce qu’ils avaient inventé sera perdu pour eux.
88
Ceux qui ne croyaient pas et obstruaient le sentier d’Allah, Nous leur ajouterons châtiment sur châtiment, pour la corruption qu’ils semaient (sur terre).
89
Et le jour où dans chaque communauté, Nous susciterons parmi eux-mêmes un témoin contre eux, Et Nous t’emmenerons [Muhammad] comme témoin contre ceux-ci. Et Nous avons fait descendre sur toi le Livre, comme un exposé explicite de toute chose, ainsi qu’un guide, une grâce et une bonne annonce aux Musulmans.
90
Certes, Allah commande l’équité, la bienfaisance et l’assistance aux proches. Et Il interdit la turpitude, l’acte répréhensible et la rébellion. Il vous exhorte afin que vous vous souveniez.
91
Soyez fidèles au pacte d’Allah après l’avoir contracté et ne violez pas vos serments après les avoir solennellement prêtés et avoir pris Allah comme garant [de votre bonne foi]. Vraiment Allah sait ce que vous faites !
92
Et ne faites pas comme celle qui défaisait brin par brin sa quenouille après l’avoir solidement filée, en prenant vos serments comme un moyen pour vous tromper les uns les autres, du fait que (vous avez trouvé) une communauté plus forte et plus nombreuse que l’autre. Allah ne fait, par là, que vous éprouver. Et, certes, Il vous montrera clairement, au Jour de la Résurrection ce sur quoi vous vous opposiez.
93
Si Allah avait voulu, Il aurait certes fait de vous une seule communauté. Mais Il laisse s’égarer qui Il veut et guide qui Il veut. Et vous serez certes, interrogés sur ce que vous faisiez.
94
Et ne prenez pas vos serments comme un moyen pour vous tromper les uns les autres, sinon [vos] pas glisseront après avoir été fermes, et vous goûterez le malheur pour avoir barré le sentier d’Allah. Et vous subirez un châtiment terrible.
95
Et ne vendez pas à vil prix le pacte d’Allah. Ce qui se trouve auprès d’Allah est meilleur pour vous, si vous saviez !
96
Tout ce que vous possédez s’épuisera, tandis que ce qui est auprès d’Allah durera. Et Nous récompenserons ceux qui ont été constants en fonction du meilleur de ce qu’ils faisaient.
97
Quiconque, mâle ou femelle, fait une bonne œuvre tout en étant croyant, Nous lui ferons vivre une bonne vie. Et Nous les récompenserons, certes, en fonction des meilleures de leurs actions.
98
Lorsque tu lis le Coran, demande la protection d’Allah contre le Diable banni.
99
Il n’a aucun pouvoir sur ceux qui croient et qui placent leur confiance en leur Seigneur.
100
Il n’a de pouvoir que sur ceux qui le prennent pour allié et qui deviennent associateurs à cause de lui.
101
Quand Nous remplaçons un verset par un autre - et Allah sait mieux ce qu’Il fait descendre - ils disent : « Tu n’es qu’un menteur ». Mais la plupart d’entre eux ne savent pas.
102
Dis : « C’est le Saint Esprit [Gabriel] qui l’a fait descendre de la part de ton Seigneur en toute vérité, afin de raffermir [la foi] de ceux qui croient, ainsi qu’un guide et une bonne annonce pour les Musulmans. »
103
Et Nous savons parfaitement qu’ils disent : « Ce n’est qu’un être humain qui lui enseigne (le Coran) ». Or, la langue de celui auquel ils font allusion est étrangère [non arabe], et celle-ci est une langue arabe bien claire.
104
Ceux qui ne croient pas aux versets d’Allah, Allah ne les guide pas. Et ils ont un châtiment douloureux.
105
Seuls forgent le mensonge ceux qui ne croient pas aux versets d’Allah ; et tels sont les menteurs.
106
Quiconque a renié Allah après avoir cru... - sauf celui qui y a été contraint alors que son cœur demeure plein de la sérénité de la foi - mais ceux qui ouvrent délibérément leur cœur à la mécréance, ceux-là ont sur eux une colère d’Allah et ils ont un châtiment terrible.
107
Il en est ainsi, parce qu’ils ont aimé la vie présente plus que l’au-delà. Et Allah, vraiment, ne guide pas les gens mécréants.
108
Voilà ceux dont Allah a scellé les cœurs, l’ouïe, et les yeux. Ce sont eux les insouciants.
109
Et nul doute que dans l’au-delà, ils seront les perdants.
110
Quant à ceux qui ont émigré après avoir subi des épreuves, puis ont lutté et ont enduré, ton Seigneur après cela, est certes Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
111
(Rappelle-toi) le jour où chaque âme viendra, plaidant pour elle-même, et chaque âme sera pleinement rétribuée pour ce qu’elle aura œuvré sans qu’ils subissent la moindre injustice.
112
Et Allah propose en parabole une ville : elle était en sécurité, tranquille ; sa part de nourriture lui venait de partout en abondance. Puis elle se montra ingrate aux bienfaits d’Allah. Allah lui fit alors goûter la violence de la faim et de la peur [en punition] de ce qu’ils faisaient.
113
En effet, un Messager des leurs est venu à eux, mais ils l’ont traité de menteur. Le châtiment, donc, les saisit parce qu’ils étaient injustes.
114
Mangez donc de ce qu’Allah vous a attribué de licite et de bon. Et soyez reconnaissants pour les bienfaits d’Allah, si c’est Lui que vous adorez.
115
Il vous a, en effet, interdit (la chair) de la bête morte, le sang, la chair de porc, et la bête sur laquelle un autre nom que celui d’Allah a été invoqué. Mais quiconque en mange sous contrainte, et n’est ni rebelle ni transgresseur, alors Allah est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
116
Et ne dites pas, conformément aux mensonges proférés par vos langues : « Ceci est licite, et cela est illicite », pour forger le mensonge contre Allah. Certes, ceux qui forgent le mensonge contre Allah ne réussiront pas.
117
Ce sera pour eux une piètre jouissance, mais un douloureux châtiment les attend.
118
Aux Juifs, Nous avions interdit ce que Nous t’avons déjà relaté. Nous ne leur avons fait aucun tort ; mais ils se faisaient du tort à eux-mêmes.
119
Puis ton Seigneur envers ceux qui ont commis le mal par ignorance, et se sont par la suite repentis et ont amélioré leur conduite, ton Seigneur, après cela est certes Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
120
Abraham était un guide (’Umma) parfait. Il était soumis à Allah, voué exclusivement à Lui et il n’était point du nombre des associateurs.
121
Il était reconnaissant pour Ses bienfaits et Allah l’avait élu et guidé vers un droit chemin.
122
Nous lui avons donné une belle part ici-bas. Et il sera certes dans l’au-delà du nombre des gens de bien.
123
Puis Nous t’avons révélé: « Suis la religion d’Abraham qui était voué exclusivement à Allah et n’était point du nombre des associateurs ».
124
Le Sabbat n’a été imposé qu’à ceux qui divergeaient à son sujet. Au Jour de la Résurrection, ton Seigneur jugera certainement au sujet de ce dont ils divergeaient.
125
Par la sagesse et la bonne exhortation appelle (les gens) au sentier de ton Seigneur. Et discute avec eux de la meilleure façon. Car c’est ton Seigneur qui connaît le mieux celui qui s’égare de Son sentier et c’est Lui qui connaît le mieux ceux qui sont bien guidés.
126
Et si vous punissez, infligez [à l’agresseur] une punition égale au tort qu’il vous a fait. Et si vous endurez... cela est certes meilleur pour les endurants.
127
Endure ! Ton endurance [ne viendra] qu’avec (l’aide) d’Allah. Ne t’afflige pas pour eux. Et ne sois pas angoissé à cause de leurs complots.
128
Certes, Allah est avec ceux qui [L’] ont craint avec piété et ceux qui sont bienfaisants.
←|→
Blachère, 1957Context
X
Sourate XVI.
Les Abeilles.
(An-Naḥl.)
Translator's introductory remarks
Titre tiré du vt. 70. Autre titre plus rare : le Bétail (an-Na‛am).
L’exégèse islamique, en général, considère cette sourate comme mekkoise dans sa quasi-totalité. Certains toutefois la disent mekkoise jusqu’au vt. 29 seulement. D’autres, au contraire, la disent médinoise depuis le début jusqu’au vt. 42. Quelques-uns enfin la donnent pour médinoise, en entier. On a lieu de penser que cette sourate se compose de plusieurs séries de révélations.
Au nom d’Allah, le Bienfaiteur miséricordieux.
[Unicité divine.]
1
L’Ordre d’Allah va venir. N’en appelez donc point la prompte arrivée ! Combien Il est plus glorieux et plus auguste que ce que [les Infidèles] Lui associent !
Note [original edition] : ’atä ’amru llâhi « L’Ordre d’Allah va venir ». Le verbe ’atä est à l’accompli ; il ne peut toutefois désigner ici une action déjà réalisée, mais une action tenue pour sûre, imminente. « L’Ordre », ici, est la décision touchant la fin du monde.
    2
    Il fait descendre les Anges, avec l’Esprit [émanant] de Son Ordre, sur qui Il veut parmi Ses serviteurs, [en disant] : « Avertissez qu’il n’est nulle divinité sauf Moi ! Soyez donc pieux envers Moi ! »
    Note [original edition] : Hirschfeld a voulu retrouver, dans les vt. 2 à 23/22, une reprise directe du Psaume civ, 2 sqq. Tor Andrae, au contraire, reconnaît, dans le développement qui suit, un thème fréquent dans le Coran, qui rejoint d’une façon indirecte le texte biblique.
      [Bienfaisance divine.]
      3
      Il a créé les cieux et la terre, avec sérieux. Combien Il est plus auguste que ce que [les Infidèles] Lui associent !
      4
      Il a créé l’Homme d’une goutte de sperme et voici que celui-ci est un disputeur déclaré.
      5
      Les chameaux ont, par Lui, été créés pour vous. Pour vous s’y trouvent vêture et utilités et nourriture dont vous mangez ;
      6
      pour vous ils sont orgueil quand vous revenez le soir ou partez le matin ;
      Note [original edition] : Pour vous ils sont orgueil. Text. : pour vous y est une beauté.
        7
        ils portent vos fardeaux vers une contrée que vous n’atteindriez qu’avec peine. En vérité, votre Seigneur est bienveillant et miséricordieux.
        8
        Il a créé le cheval, le mulet, l’âne pour que vous les montiez et comme apparat. Et Il crée [encore] ce que vous ne savez point.
        Note [original edition] : Il crée [encore] etc. L’exégèse moderniste utilise cette proposition pour démontrer que le Coran contient l’annonce de toutes les découvertes modernes. Le verbe yaḫluqu est en effet à l’inaccompli, ce qui énonce une action qui dure : Allah crée et créera en tout temps des objets et des êtres jusque-là inconnus. Cette proposition peut également être invoquée pour indiquer une création continue.
          9
          A Allah incombe le Droit Chemin dont certains se détachent. S’Il avait voulu, Il vous aurait tous dirigés.
          Note [original edition] : Autre sens admis : Vers Allah est le Droit Chemin. Ce vt. interrompt l’énumération des bienfaits divins.
            10
            C’est Lui qui a fait descendre du ciel une eau dont vous tirez de quoi boire et dont [vivent] des arbustes où est une nourriture par vous donnée [à vos troupeaux].
            Note [original edition] : Cf. Ps. civ, 13 : De Sa haute demeure, Il arrose les monts… 14 : Il fait pousser l’herbe pour le bétail et les plantes pour les besoins de l’Homme.
              11
              Par [cette eau], Il fait pousser pour vous les céréales, l’olivier, le palmier, la vigne et toutes sortes de fruits. En vérité, en cela est certes un signe pour un peuple qui réfléchit.
              12
              Il a assujetti pour vous la nuit, le jour, le soleil et la lune, et les étoiles sont soumises à Son Ordre. En vérité, en cela sont certes des signes pour un peuple qui raisonne.
              13
              En ce qu’Il a disséminé sur la terre, de différentes couleurs, en cela, en vérité, est certes un signe pour un peuple qui s’édifie.
              14

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              C’est Lui qui a assujetti la mer pour que vous mangiez une chair fraîche [issue] d’elle et en tiriez des joyaux que vous portez, pour que vous y voyiez le vaisseau y voguer et que vous y recherchiez [un peu] de Sa faveur. Peut-être serez-vous reconnaissants.
              Note [original edition] : Cf. ibid., 25 : Voici la grande et vaste mer ; là se meuvent sans nombre des animaux petits et grands. 26 : Là se promènent les navires.
                15
                Il a jeté sur la terre des [montagnes] immobiles [de peur] qu’elle ne branle avec vous. [Il y a mis] des rivières, des chemins [par lesquels] peut-être vous vous dirigerez
                16
                et des repères alors que, par les astres, ils se dirigent.
                Note [original edition] : Vt. inséré ultérieurement.
                  17
                  Eh quoi ! Celui qui crée est-Il comme ceux qui ne créent pas ? Eh quoi ! ne vous amenderez-vous point ?
                  Note [original edition] : Est-Il comme ceux qui ne créent pas = comme les Faux Dieux.
                    18
                    Si vous comptiez les bienfaits de votre Seigneur, vous ne sauriez les dénombrer. En vérité, Allah est certes absoluteur et miséricordieux.
                    [Rappel de l’omniscience et de l’unicité divines. Rétribution selon les œuvres.]
                    19
                    Allah sait ce que vous célez et ce que vous divulguez.
                    20
                    Ces divinités qu’ils prient en dehors d’Allah n’ont rien créé, mais ont été créées :
                    Note [original edition] : Ces divinités. Text. : ceux qu’ils prient.
                      21
                      mortes et non pas vivantes, elles ne savent
                      21
                      [22] quand elles seront ressuscitées.
                      22
                      [23] Votre Divinité est une divinité unique. Ceux qui ne croient pas en la [Vie] Dernière, en leur cœur, le dénient et ils sont pleins d’orgueil.
                      Note [original edition] : En leur cœur etc. Text. : leurs cœurs sont négateurs.
                        23
                        [24] Nul doute qu’Allah ne sache ce qu’ils cèlent et ce qu’ils divulguent :
                        23
                        [25] Il n’aime point les Orgueilleux.
                        24
                        [26] Et quand on leur demande : « Qu’a fait descendre votre Seigneur ? », ils répondent : « Des histoires des Anciens ! »
                        25
                        [27] Qu’ils portent leur faix, complètement, au Jour de la Résurrection, et [une partie] du faix de ceux qu’ils égarent sans savoir ! O combien détestable est ce dont ils se chargent !
                        26

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                        [28] Ceux qui furent avant eux ont ourdi [une machination]. [Mais] Allah a frappé leur édifice en ses bases. Sur eux le toit s’est écroulé et le Tourment est venu à eux par où ils ne [le] devinaient pas.
                        Note [original edition] : Geiger a voulu voir ici une allusion à la Tour de Babel. Tab. l’admet aussi. Mais chez ce commt. et ses successeurs, on voit plutôt une allusion à Nemrod. Celui-ci n’est pas nommé dans le Coran et les deux passages où l’exégèse découvre une allusion à lui (sourates II, 260 et XXIX, 23) ne parlent point de Nemrod comme constructeur de villes. L’interprétation des commt. se fonde donc sur des données extra-coraniques. Sans doute pourrait-on songer aux deux passages du Coran (sourates XL, 38, et XXVIII, 38) où Pharaon ordonne à son vizir de lui construire une tour pour s’élever au ciel. Mais la punition des Impies n’est pas énoncée et Pharaon, lui, périt noyé.
                          27
                          [29] Plus tard, au Jour de la Résurrection, [Allah] les couvrira d’opprobre et dira : « Où sont Mes Associés au sujet desquels vous étiez en divergence ? » Ceux qui auront reçu la Science diront : « L’opprobre et la honte sont aujourd’hui sur les Infidèles
                          28
                          [30] que les Anges rappellent (tawaffā), injustes envers eux-mêmes ! » [Ceux-ci] crieront : « Salut ! Nous ne faisions nul mal [sur terre] ». — « Si ! », [leur sera-t-il dit], « Allah sait très bien ce que vous faisiez.
                          29
                          [31] Franchissez les portes de la Géhenne où vous serez éternellement. » Certes, quel détestable séjour pour les Orgueilleux !
                          30
                          [32] A ceux qui sont pieux, Il demandera : « Qu’a fait descendre votre Seigneur ? » et ils répondront : « Un bienfait ! » A ceux qui auront fait le bien en cette [Vie] Immédiate, appartiendra une belle [vie, mais] le séjour de la [Vie] Dernière est certes meilleur. Combien agréable sera certes le séjour des Pieux !
                          31
                          [33] Ils entreront dans les Jardins d’Éden sous lesquels des ruisseaux couleront. Là, ils auront ce qu’ils voudront. Ainsi Allah récompensera les Pieux
                          32
                          [34] que les Anges rappelleront, heureux, en disant : « Salut sur vous ! Entrez dans le Jardin pour prix de ce que vous faisiez ! »
                          33
                          [35] Qu’attendent [les Incrédules] sinon que viennent les Anges ou que vienne l’Ordre de ton Seigneur ! Ainsi firent ceux qui furent avant eux. Allah n’a point lésé ceux-ci, mais ils se lésaient eux-mêmes [en appelant sur eux le châtiment].
                          34
                          [36] Les maux [issus] de ce qu’ils firent les atteindront et ce dont ils se raillaient les touchera de toutes parts.
                          [Réfutation de thèses des infidèles.]
                          35
                          [37] Ceux qui auront donné à Allah des Associés diront : « Si Allah avait voulu, ni nous ni nos pères n’aurions rien adoré en dehors
                          Facsimile Image Placeholder
                          de Lui. Nous n’aurions rien déclaré sacré en dehors de Lui. » Ainsi firent ceux qui furent avant eux. Qu’est-ce qui incombe aux Apôtres hormis la Communication explicite ?
                          36
                          [38] Nous avons certes envoyé, dans chaque communauté, un Apôtre [qui dit] : « Adorez Allah et évitez at-Tâghout ! » Parmi les membres de cette communauté, il en est qu’Allah dirigea et il en est sur qui s’appesantit l’égarement. Parcourez la terre et voyez ce que fut la fin de ceux qui crièrent au mensonge !
                          Note [original edition] : Parmi les membres etc. Text. : parmi eux.
                            37
                            [39] Si tu ambitionnes de diriger les Incrédules [c’est inutile], car celui qu’Allah égare ne saurait être dirigé et n’a aucun auxiliaire.
                            Note [original edition] : De diriger les Incrédules. Text. : leur direction. ǁ La fin de ce vt., si importante pour la détermination du libre arbitre, offre des var. graves. Les recensions du Caire et de Flügel portent : fa-’inna llâha lâ yahdî man yuḍillu « car celui qu’Allah égare, Il ne le dirige pas (= Il ne peut le ramener dans la bonne direction) », ou bien encore « car celui qu’Allah égare ne se trouve pas dans la bonne direction (= ne saurait retrouver la bonne direction) ». Ces deux déchiffrements ne sont guère satisfaisants. Une autre var., celle reçue ici et qu’approuve Tab, porte lâ yuhdā (au passif) « ne saurait être dirigé (= ne saurait être ramené dans la bonne direction) ».
                              38
                              [40] Ils ont juré par Allah, en leurs plus solennels serments : « Allah ne ressuscitera point qui est mort ! » Si ! [C’est là] une promesse qui, par Lui, devra être réalisée — mais la plupart des Hommes ne savent point —,
                              39
                              [41] pour leur montrer ce sur quoi ils s’opposent et pour que les Infidèles sachent qu’ils furent des menteurs.
                              40
                              [42] Quand Nous voulons une chose, Notre unique parole, à son propos, est : « Sois ! » et [cette chose] est.
                              41
                              [43] Ceux qui ont émigré pour Allah, après avoir subi injustice, seront certes rétablis par Nous, en la [Vie] Immédiate, en une belle [position. Mais] la rétribution de la [Vie] Dernière est certes plus grande : s’ils pouvaient savoir !
                              Note [original edition] : On a vu, dans ce vt., une allusion exclusive à l’émigration en Abyssinie (vers 618), de quelques Croyants persécutés par les Mekkois. Les commt. et en particulier Tab, ne se prononcent cependant que d’une façon évasive et admettent aussi qu’on ait ici un écho de l’Émigration à Médine : dans ce cas on a ici une addition postérieure à 622.
                                42
                                [44] [Ceux] qui furent constants et qui sur leur Seigneur s’appuyaient.
                                Note [original edition] : Ce vt. est en l’air. Il peut sans doute être considéré comme devant s’intercaler dans le vt. précédent aussitôt après sulimû « avoir subi injustice » (vt. 43). Il faut cependant rappeler que ce trait se retrouve plus bas, vt. 98 et aussi — très bien en place — dans la sourate XXIX, 59.
                                  43

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                                  [45] Avant toi, [Prophète !,] Nous n’avons envoyé que des hommes auxquels Nous adressions la Révélation. Si vous ne savez pas, interrogez les Détenteurs de l’Édification !
                                  Note [original edition] : Les Détenteurs de l’Édification = les Juifs et les Chrétiens.
                                    44
                                    [46] [Nous les avons envoyés] avec les Preuves et les Écritures (zubur), alors que Nous avons fait descendre vers toi l’Édification pour que tu montres aux Hommes ce qu’on a fait descendre vers eux. Peut-être réfléchiront-ils.
                                    Note [original edition] : Important pour l’établissement de l’œcuménicité de la nouvelle prédication.
                                      45
                                      [47] Ceux qui ont machiné le mal sont-ils à l’abri qu’Allah les enfouisse en la terre, — ou bien que le Tourment les frappe par où ils ne devinent point,
                                      46
                                      [48] — ou bien qu’Il les frappe durant leur activité sans qu’ils puissent le repousser,
                                      47
                                      [49] — ou bien qu’Il les frappe dans un état de crainte ? Votre Seigneur en effet (sic) est certes bienveillant et miséricordieux.
                                      [L’Univers en adoration devant Allah. Impénitence des Incrédules.]
                                      48
                                      [50] Eh quoi ! n’ont-ils pas vu, avec humilité, que toute chose créée par Allah a son ombre qui s’allonge à droite et à gauche, prosternée devant Allah ?
                                      Note [original edition] : wa hum dâḫirûn « avec humilité ». Text. : alors qu’ils sont humiliés. ǁ A droite et à gauche = vers l’ouest et l’est.
                                        49
                                        [51] Devant Allah se prosterne tout animal qui est dans les cieux et sur la terre, ainsi que les Anges qui ne montrent pas d’orgueil.
                                        50
                                        [52] Ils craignent leur Seigneur, au-dessus d’eux, et font ce dont ils reçoivent l’ordre.
                                        51
                                        [53] Allah a dit : « Ne prenez point deux divinités ! Il n’est qu’une Divinité unique. Moi ! redoutez-Moi donc ! »
                                        52
                                        [54] Il a ce qui est dans les cieux et [sur] la terre. Il a le Jugement (dîn) d’une manière immanente. Eh quoi ! serez-vous pieux envers un autre qu’Allah ?
                                        53
                                        [55] Quelque faveur que vous ayez, elle vient d’Allah. Quand le malheur vous touche, c’est à Lui que vous vous adressez,
                                        54
                                        [56] mais quand Il éloigne de vous le malheur, une fraction d’entre vous donne des Associés à leur Seigneur,
                                        55
                                        [57] par ingratitude pour ce que Nous leur avons donné. Jouissez donc [de la vie présente], car bientôt vous saurez !
                                        56

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                                        [58] Ils donnent à ces divinités dont ils ne savent [rien] une partie de ce que Nous leur avons attribué. Par Allah, il vous sera certes demandé compte de ce que vous forgiez !
                                        Note [original edition] : A ces divinités etc. Text. : à ce qu’ils ne connaissaient point.
                                          57
                                          [59] Ils donnent des filles à Allah — gloire à Lui ! — alors qu’ils ont des fils qu’ils désirent
                                          58
                                          [60] et que, lorsqu’on annonce à l’un d’eux [la venue d’]une femelle, son visage s’assombrit. Suffoqué,
                                          59
                                          [61] il se dérobe aux siens par honte de ce qui lui est annoncé, [se demandant] s’il conservera cette enfant pour son déshonneur ou s’il l’enfouira dans la poussière. O combien détestable est ce qu’ils jugent !
                                          60
                                          [62] Ceux qui ne croient point en la [Vie] Dernière ont la Mauvaise Représentation alors qu’Allah détient la Représentation Auguste. Il est le Puissant, le Sage.
                                          Note [original edition] : maṯalu s-sû’i… al-maṯalu l-’a‛lā « la Mauvaise Représentation… la Représentation Auguste ». On a conservé à ce vt. son allure énigmatique. Le sens paraît être, si l’on suit les commt. : les Polythéistes ont une conception de la divinité, tandis qu’Allah détient la représentation sublime de ce qu’il est.
                                            61
                                            [63] Si Allah reprenait les Hommes pour leur injustice, Il ne laisserait sur terre nul vivant. Il les reculera cependant jusqu’à un terme fixé et quand leur terme viendra, ils ne pourront ni le retarder ni l’avancer d’une heure.
                                            Note [original edition] : Nul vivant. Text. : nulle bête.
                                              62
                                              [64] Ils donnent à Allah ce qu’ils détestent et leurs bouches profèrent le mensonge, [disant] qu’ils auront la Très Belle [Récompense]. Nul doute qu’ils n’aient le Feu et qu’ils ne soient les premiers [à l’affronter] !
                                              Note [original edition] : Ils donnent à Allah etc. = ils attribuent à Allah des filles alors que cette descendance leur déplaît pour eux-mêmes. Cf. vt. 59. ǁ Et leurs bouches etc. Text. : et leurs langues décrivent le mensonge.
                                                63
                                                [65] Par Allah ! Nous avons certes envoyé [des Apôtres] aux nations, avant toi. [Mais] le Démon a paré pour eux leurs actions [de fausses apparences]. Il est leur patron aujourd’hui et ils auront un tourment cruel.
                                                64
                                                [66] Nous n’avons fait descendre sur toi l’Écriture que pour que tu leur montres ce sur quoi ils s’opposent [et cela] comme Direction et Miséricorde pour un peuple qui croit.
                                                [Bienfaisance et puissance divines.]
                                                65
                                                [67] Allah a fait descendre du ciel une eau par laquelle Il a fait revivre la terre après sa mort. En vérité, en cela, est certes un signe pour un peuple qui entend.
                                                66
                                                [68] En vérité, vous avez certes un enseignement dans vos troupeaux [’an‛âm] ! Nous vous abreuvons d’un lait pur, exquis pour les buveurs, [venant] de ce qui, dans leurs ventres, est entre un aliment digéré et du sang.
                                                67
                                                [69] Des fruits des palmiers et des vignes, vous tirez une boisson enivrante et un aliment excellent. En vérité, en cela, est certes un signe pour un peuple qui raisonne.
                                                Note [original edition] : sakaran « une boisson enivrante ». Les autres acceptions énumérées par Tab sont rares et sujettes à caution. Les commt. notent que ce texte est antérieur à la prohibition du vin ; ils glosent aussi ce terme par nabîḏ « vin de dattes » qui reste autorisé par certaines écoles juridiques.
                                                  68
                                                  [70] Ton Seigneur a révélé aux Abeilles : « Prenez des demeures dans les montagnes, les arbres et ce qu’élèvent les Hommes.
                                                  69
                                                  [71] Mangez en outre de tous les fruits et, dociles, empruntez les chemins de votre Seigneur ! » Du ventre [des Abeilles] sort une liqueur de différents aspects où se trouve une guérison pour les Hommes. En vérité, en cela est certes un signe pour un peuple qui réfléchit.
                                                  70
                                                  [72] Allah vous a créés puis Il vous rappellera [tawaffā]. Il en est cependant parmi vous qui sont renvoyés jusqu’à la décrépitude, afin qu’après avoir su ils ne sachent rien. Allah est omniscient et omnipotent.
                                                  Note [original edition] : La décrépitude. Text. : l’âge le plus vil.
                                                    [Impossibilité d’égaler les idoles a Allah. Paraboles.]
                                                    71
                                                    [73] Allah a favorisé certains d’entre vous plus que certains autres, dans l’attribution [de Ses dons]. [Mais] ceux qui ont été favorisés ne reversent pas leur attribution à leurs esclaves en sorte qu’ils soient avec eux à égalité. Eh quoi ! nient-ils le bienfait d’Allah !
                                                    Note [original edition] : Ce vt. ne constitue point une exhortation à redistribuer équitablement les biens de ce monde entre les maîtres et les esclaves. Dans son contexte, il indique simplement qu’Allah a comblé les heureux de ce monde, qu’il leur a donné épouses, fils et richesses et que, pourtant, loin de l’adorer, ces heureux se tournent vers des idoles inertes, incapables de rien leur procurer.
                                                      72
                                                      [74] Allah vous a donné des épouses nées parmi vous. Il vous a, de
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                                                      vos épouses, donné des fils et des petits-fils. Il vous a attribué de bonnes nourritures. Eh quoi ! [les Impies] croiront-ils dans le Faux ! Seront-ils ingrats envers le bienfait d’Allah ?
                                                      Note [original edition] : ḥafadatan « petit-fils ». Autre sens possible : des beaux-fils.
                                                        73
                                                        [75] Adoreront-ils, en dehors d’Allah, ce qui, des cieux et de la terre, ne leur procure rien et ne peut rien ?
                                                        74
                                                        [76] N’attribuez donc point à Allah des semblables ! Allah sait et, vous, vous ne savez point.
                                                        75
                                                        [77] Allah propose en parabole un serviteur qui, en esclavage, ne peut rien, et un homme [libre] à qui Nous avons attribué de belles ressources, sur lesquelles il fait dépense en secret et en public. Sont-ils égaux ? [Non point] ! à Allah ne plaise ! Pourtant la plupart [des Impies] ne savent pas.
                                                        Note [original edition] : Et un homme [libre]. Text. : et celui qui. Le sens de la parabole est clair. L’esclave est la fausse divinité incapable de toute action. L’homme libre est Allah, bon envers les Humains.
                                                          76
                                                          [78] Allah propose [aussi], en parabole, deux hommes dont l’un est muet, ne peut rien et est à charge à son maître car, quelque part que celui-ci l’envoie, cet homme ne lui rapporte rien de bon. [Cet homme] est-il l’égal de son maître qui ordonne avec équité et suit une Voie Droite ?
                                                          [Signes de la puissance et de la bienfaisance divines.]
                                                          77
                                                          [79] A Allah appartient l’Inconnaissable des cieux et de la terre. L’Ordre [annonciateur] de l’Heure sera comme un clin d’œil ou plus bref encore. Allah, sur toute chose, est omnipotent.
                                                          78
                                                          [80] Allah vous a fait sortir du ventre de vos mères, privés de tout savoir. Il vous a donné l’ouïe, la vue, des viscères. Peut-être serez-vous reconnaissants ?
                                                          79
                                                          [81] N’avez-vous pas vu les oiseaux soumis [au Seigneur] dans l’espace du ciel où nul ne les soutient hormis Allah ? En vérité, en cela est certes un signe pour un peuple qui croit.
                                                          80
                                                          [82] Allah vous a procuré, dans vos tentes, un lieu habitable. Il vous a procuré, dans la peau de vos troupeaux (’an‛âm), des tentes que vous trouvez légères le jour où vous vous déplacez ou le jour où vous vous fixez. [Il vous a procuré], dans leur laine, leur poil ou leur crin, des effets et des objets d’une [certaine] durée.
                                                          Note [original edition] : D’une [certaine] durée. Text. : pour un temps.
                                                            81
                                                            [83] De ce qu’Il a créé, Allah vous a procuré une ombre. Il vous a, dans les montagnes, procuré des retraites. Il vous a procuré des
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                                                            vêtements qui vous abritent de la chaleur et des vêtements qui vous abritent de vos coups. Ainsi, Il parachève Son bienfait envers vous. Peut-être serez-vous soumis [à Lui] (’aslama) ?
                                                            82
                                                            [84] S’ils tournent le dos, il ne t’incombe, [Prophète !, que de transmettre] la Communication explicite.
                                                            83
                                                            [85] Ils connaissent le bienfait d’Allah, puis ils le nient et la plupart d’entre eux sont ingrats.
                                                            84
                                                            [86] Au jour où Nous ferons surgir un Témoin, de chaque communauté, [] ensuite, il ne sera point permis [de parler] à ceux qui auront été infidèles, [] ils ne seront point pardonnés,
                                                            85
                                                            [87] quand ceux qui auront été injustes verront le Tourment, quand celui-ci ne sera point allégé pour eux et qu’il ne leur sera pas donné d’attendre,
                                                            86
                                                            [88] quand ceux qui auront été Associateurs verront ceux qu’ils auront associés à Allah, [ces Associateurs] diront : « Seigneur ! voici ceux que Nous t’avons associés et que nous priions en dehors de Toi ! » Ces Associés leur adresseront alors la parole [en disant] : « En vérité, vous êtes certes des menteurs ! »
                                                            87
                                                            [89] [Les Impies] offriront alors leur soumission à Allah, [mais en vain] et perdues pour eux seront les divinités qu’ils forgeaient.
                                                            88
                                                            [90] Ceux qui auront été infidèles et se seront écartés du Chemin d’Allah, Nous leur infligerons tourment sur tourment, pour prix du scandale qu’ils semaient.
                                                            89
                                                            [91a] Et au jour où Nous ferons, de chaque communauté, surgir un Témoin issu d’elle, Nous t’amènerons comme Témoin contre [ces gens].
                                                            Note [original edition] : Ce vt. fait difficulté. Le début depuis Et au jour où jusqu’à issu d’elle reprend en partie le vt. 86. Par ailleurs, le texte ne contient plus de proposition principale.
                                                              89
                                                              [91b] Et Nous avons fait descendre sur toi l’Écriture, [comme] Éclaircissement de toute chose, [comme] Direction, Miséricorde et Annonce pour les Musulmans.
                                                              Note [original edition] : L’emploi du terme al-muslimîn « les Musulmans » semble indiquer une révélation médinoise.
                                                                [Rappel de quelques commandements.]
                                                                90
                                                                [92] Allah ordonne l’Équité, la Bienfaisance et la Libéralité envers les proches. Il interdit la Turpitude, l’Acte blâmable et l’Insolence.
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                                                                Il vous exhorte, [espérant que] peut-être vous vous amenderez.
                                                                Note [original edition] : al-faḥšâ’i « la Turpitude » = la Luxure ou l’Adultère ǁ al-munkari « l’Acte blâmable » = tout acte qui soulève la réprobation ǁ al-baġya « l’Insolence » = tout ce qui est manifestation d’orgueil, de morgue, l’insoumission aux commandements divins.
                                                                  91
                                                                  [93] Tenez fidèlement le pacte d’Allah quand vous l’avez contracté ! Ne violez pas les serments après les avoir appuyés solennellement et avoir pris Allah comme garant contre vous ! Allah sait ce que vous faites.
                                                                  Note [original edition] : Le pacte d’Allah. V. sourate XIII, 20 la note.
                                                                    92
                                                                    [94] Ne soyez pas comme celle qui redéfaisait ce qu’après dure peine elle avait filé ! Ne faites point de vos serments une feinte entre vous, en considération de ce qu’une communauté est plus éminente qu’une autre ! Allah vous éprouve seulement par cela et Il vous montrera certes, au Jour de la Résurrection, ce sur quoi vous vous opposiez.
                                                                    93
                                                                    [95] Si Allah avait voulu, Il aurait fait de vous une communauté unique. Mais Il égare qui Il veut et Il dirige qui Il veut, et il vous sera demandé compte de ce que vous faisiez.
                                                                    94
                                                                    [96] Ne faites pas de vos serments une feinte entre vous, sans quoi le pied vous manquera après avoir été ferme. Vous goûterez le Malheur pour prix de vous être écartés du Chemin d’Allah et vous aurez un immense tourment.
                                                                    95
                                                                    [97] Ne troquez pas à vil prix le pacte d’Allah : Ce qui est auprès d’Allah vaut mieux pour vous, si vous pouviez savoir.
                                                                    96
                                                                    [98] Ce qui est à votre portée s’épuise, tandis que ce qui est auprès d’Allah demeure. Certes, à ceux qui auront été constants, Nous donnerons leur récompense pour prix de ce qu’ils accomplissaient de mieux [sur terre].
                                                                    97
                                                                    [99] Quiconque, homme ou femme, accomplit œuvre pie, alors qu’il est croyant, Nous le ferons certes revivre en une vie excellente et, certes, Nous leur (sic) donnerons leur récompense pour prix de ce qu’ils accomplissaient de mieux.
                                                                    Note [original edition] : Quiconque etc. Même trait IV, 123 (sourate médinoise).
                                                                      [Indications sur la Prédication.]
                                                                      98
                                                                      [100] Quand tu prêches la Prédication, cherche refuge en Allah contre le Démon maudit (rajîm) !
                                                                      99
                                                                      [101] Celui-ci n’a nul pouvoir contre ceux qui croient et s’appuient sur leur Seigneur.
                                                                      100

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                                                                      [102] Son pouvoir n’existe que contre ceux qui s’en remettent à lui et qui, par lui, sont des Associateurs.
                                                                      101
                                                                      [103] Quand Nous substituons une aya à une aya — Allah sait très bien ce qu’Il fait descendre —, [les Infidèles] disent : « Tu n’es qu’un faussaire ! » Mais la plupart ne savent point.
                                                                      102
                                                                      [104] Réponds[-leur] : « L’Esprit Saint a fait descendre de ton Seigneur, [cette Révélation] avec la Vérité, comme Direction et Annonce pour les Musulmans, afin de confirmer ceux qui croient. »
                                                                      103
                                                                      [105] Certes, Nous savons que [les Infidèles] disent : « Cet homme a seulement pour maître un mortel ! » [Mais] la langue de celui auquel ils pensent est [une langue] barbare, alors que cette Prédication est [en] claire langue arabe.
                                                                      Note [original edition] : Cet homme etc. Text. : un mortel lui enseigne seulement. ǁ Alors que cette Prédication. Text. : alors que ceci. — Cf. sur ce passage la sourate XXV, 5. Outre des informateurs chrétiens de la Mekke, Tab. nomme l’esclave persan Salmân dont la conversion eut lieu à Médine, après la venue de Mahomet en cette ville, en 622. Mais cette donnée est très suspecte, car elle repose sur une interprétation du terme ’a‛jamiyyun « barbare » contenu dans ce vt., qui, plus tard, signifiera « persan », « iranien ». Cette donnée ne prouve donc pas que ce vt. soit indubitablement médinois.
                                                                        104
                                                                        [106] Ceux qui ne croient pas dans les aya d’Allah, Celui-ci ne saurait les diriger. Ils auront un tourment cruel.
                                                                        Note [original edition] : lâ yahdî-himi llâhu « Celui-ci (= Allah) ne saurait les diriger. » Mais on peut également comprendre que le fait de ne point croire dans les signes marque déjà l’abandon par Allah de l’homme égaré. Un tel vt. peut donc être invoqué par les tenants du libre arbitre comme par leurs adversaires.
                                                                          105
                                                                          [107] Seuls forgent le mensonge ceux qui ne croient point dans les aya d’Allah. Ceux-là sont les menteurs.
                                                                          [Menace aux Apostats.]
                                                                          106
                                                                          [108] Celui qui renie Allah après [avoir eu] foi en Lui — excepté celui qui a subi la contrainte et dont le cœur reste paisible en sa foi —, ceux dont la poitrine s’est ouverte à l’impiété, sur ceux-là tomberont le courroux d’Allah et un tourment terrible.
                                                                          Note [original edition] : On a tout lieu de penser, avec Barth, que l’incidente en italique est une addition ultérieure.
                                                                            107
                                                                            [109] C’est là le prix de ce qu’ils ont plus aimé la Vie Immédiate que la [Vie] Dernière et de ce qu’Allah ne saurait conduire le peuple des Infidèles.
                                                                            108
                                                                            [110] Ceux dont Allah a scellé le cœur, l’ouïe et la vue, ceux-là sont les Insouciants.
                                                                            109

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                                                                            [110] Nul doute qu’en la [Vie] Dernière, ils ne soient les Perdants.
                                                                            110
                                                                            [111] Toutefois, ceux qui ont émigré après avoir subi une épreuve (fitna), [qui] ensuite ont mené combat (jâhada) et ont été constants, en vérité, ton Seigneur, après tout cela, sera certes [envers eux] absoluteur et miséricordieux,
                                                                            Note [original edition] : Ce vt. est une addition ultérieure.
                                                                              111
                                                                              [112] au jour où chaque âme viendra, plaidant pour elle-même, [] chaque âme sera exactement payée de ce qu’elle aura fait et [ les Hommes] ne seront point lésés.
                                                                              Note [original edition] : Ce vt. s’enchaîne exactement au précédent et au 110.
                                                                                [Parabole de la cité perverse.]
                                                                                112
                                                                                [113] Allah propose la parabole d’une cité qui a été paisible et tranquille, qui a reçu ses dons en abondance de toutes parts et qui a nié les bienfaits d’Allah. Celui-ci, en punition de ce que les gens de cette cité ont accompli, leur a fait goûter la faim et la peur.
                                                                                113
                                                                                [114] Un apôtre [issu] d’eux est venu à eux, [mais] ils l’ont traité d’imposteur et le Tourment les a emportés alors qu’ils étaient injustes.
                                                                                [Réponse aux Juifs a propos des interdictions alimentaires.]
                                                                                114
                                                                                [115] Mangez parmi ce qu’Allah vous a attribué, ce qui est licite et bon ! Remerciez Allah de Son bienfait, si c’est Lui que vous adorez !
                                                                                115
                                                                                [116] Allah a seulement déclaré illicite pour vous la [chair d’une bête] morte, le sang, la chair du porc et ce qui a été consacré à un autre qu’Allah. [Mais] quiconque est contraint [à en manger] sans [intention d’être] rebelle ou transgresseur, Allah sera absoluteur [envers lui] et miséricordieux.
                                                                                116
                                                                                [117] Ne dites donc point, à propos de ce que vos bouches profèrent mensongèrement : « Ceci est licite et ceci est illicite », dans le but de forger le mensonge contre Allah. Ceux qui forgent le mensonge contre Allah ne seront pas les Bienheureux.
                                                                                117
                                                                                [118] Pauvre jouissance alors qu’ils auront un tourment cruel !
                                                                                118
                                                                                [119] A ceux qui pratiquent le Judaïsme, Nous avons interdit ce que Nous t’avons énuméré tout à l’heure. Nous ne les avons point lésés : ce sont eux qui se sont lésés eux-mêmes.
                                                                                119

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                                                                                [120] Toutefois, envers ceux qui, après avoir fait le mal par ignorance, sont par la suite revenus [de leur erreur] et se sont réformés (’aṣlaḥa), Ton Seigneur est certes absoluteur et miséricordieux.
                                                                                120
                                                                                [121] Abraham a été un guide, un homme docile à Allah, un ḥanîf et il n’a pas été parmi les Associateurs.
                                                                                121
                                                                                [122] [Il a été] reconnaissant de Ses faveurs à Allah qui l’a choisi et dirigé vers une Voie Droite.
                                                                                122
                                                                                [123] Nous lui avons donné une belle [position] en ce monde et, en vérité, dans la [Vie] Dernière, il est certes parmi les saints.
                                                                                123
                                                                                [124] Ensuite Nous t’avons révélé : « Suis la religion [milla] d’Abraham en ḥanîf, car il ne fut point parmi les Associateurs. »
                                                                                124
                                                                                [125] Le sabbat n’a été imposé qu’à ceux qui s’opposent à son sujet. En vérité, ton Seigneur décidera certes entre eux, au Jour de la Résurrection, de ce sur quoi ils s’opposent.
                                                                                Note [original edition] : Dans son état actuel, le début de ce vt. n’offre plus de sens précis aux commt.
                                                                                  125
                                                                                  [126] Appelle au Chemin de ton Seigneur par la Sagesse et la Belle Exhortation ! Discute avec eux de la meilleure manière ! Ton Seigneur connaît bien ceux qui sont égarés loin de Son Chemin et Il connaît bien ceux qui sont dans la bonne direction.
                                                                                  126
                                                                                  [127] Si vous châtiez, châtiez de la même façon que vous aurez été châtiés. [Mais] certes, si vous êtes patients, ce sera un bien pour ceux qui auront été patients.
                                                                                  127
                                                                                  [128] Sois patient : ta patience ne sera qu’avec [l’aide d’]Allah ! Ne t’attriste pas à propos [des Incrédules] et ne sois point dans l’angoisse du fait de ce qu’ils machinent !
                                                                                  128
                                                                                  Allah est avec ceux qui sont pieux et ceux qui sont bienfaisants.
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                                                                                  Arberry, 1955Context
                                                                                  X
                                                                                  The Bee
                                                                                  In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate
                                                                                  1
                                                                                  God’s command comes; so seek not to hasten it. Glory be to Him! High be He exalted above that they associate with Him!
                                                                                  2
                                                                                  He sends down the angels with the Spirit of His command upon whomsoever He will among His servants, saying: Give you warning that there is no God but I; so fear you Me!
                                                                                  3
                                                                                  He created the heavens and the earth in truth; high be He exalted above that they associate With Him!
                                                                                  4
                                                                                  He created man of a sperm-drop; and, behold, he is a manifest adversary.
                                                                                  5
                                                                                  And the cattle -- He created them for you; in them is warmth, and uses various, and of them you eat,
                                                                                  6
                                                                                  and there is beauty in them for you, when you bring them home to rest and when you drive them forth abroad to pasture;
                                                                                  7
                                                                                  and they bear your loads unto a land that you never would reach, excepting with great distress. Surely your Lord is All-clement, All-compassionate.
                                                                                  8
                                                                                  And horses, and mules, and asses, for you to ride, and as an adornment; and He creates what you know not.
                                                                                  9
                                                                                  God’s it is to show the way; and some do swerve from it. If He willed, He would have guided you all together.
                                                                                  10
                                                                                  It is He who sends down to you out of heaven water of which you have to drink, and of which trees, for you to pasture your herds,
                                                                                  11
                                                                                  and thereby He brings forth for you crops, and olives, and palms, and vines, and all manner of fruit. Surely in that is a sign for a people who reflect.
                                                                                  12
                                                                                  And He subjected to you the night and day, and the sun and moon; and the stars are subjected by His command. Surely in that are signs for a people who understand.
                                                                                  13
                                                                                  And that which He has multiplied for you in the earth of diverse hues. Surely in that is a sign for a people who remember.
                                                                                  14
                                                                                  It is He who subjected to you the sea, that you may eat of it fresh flesh, and bring forth out of it ornaments for you to wear; and thou mayest see the ships cleaving through it; and that you may seek of His bounty, and so haply you will be thankful.
                                                                                  15
                                                                                  And He cast on the earth firm mountains, lest it shake with you, and rivers and ways; so haply you will be guided;
                                                                                  16
                                                                                  and waymarks; and by the stars they are guided.
                                                                                  17
                                                                                  Is He who creates as he who does not create? Will you not remember?
                                                                                  18
                                                                                  If you count God’s blessing, you will never number it; surely God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
                                                                                  19
                                                                                  And God knows what you keep secret and what you publish.
                                                                                  20
                                                                                  And those they call upon, apart from God, created nothing, and themselves are created,
                                                                                  21
                                                                                  dead, not alive; and are not aware when they shall be raised.
                                                                                  22
                                                                                  Your God is One God. And they who believe not in the world to come, their hearts deny, and they have waxed proud.
                                                                                  23
                                                                                  Without a doubt God knows what they keep secret and what they publish; He loves not those that wax proud.
                                                                                  24
                                                                                  And when it is said to them, ‘What has your Lord sent down?’ they say, ‘Fairy-tales of the ancients.’
                                                                                  25
                                                                                  That they may bear their loads complete on the Day of Resurrection, and some of the loads of those that they lead astray without any knowledge. O evil the load they bear!
                                                                                  26
                                                                                  Those that were before them contrived; then God came upon their building from the foundations, and the roof fell down on them from over them, and the chastisement came upon them from whence they were not aware.
                                                                                  27
                                                                                  Then on the Day of Resurrection He will degrade them, saying, ‘Where are My associates concerning which you made a breach together?’ Those that were given the knowledge will say, ‘Degradation today and evil are on the unbelievers,
                                                                                  28
                                                                                  whom the angels take while still they are wronging themselves.’ Then they will offer surrender: ‘We were doing nothing evil. ‘Nay; but surety God has knowledge of the things you did.
                                                                                  29
                                                                                  So enter the gates of Gehenna, there to dwell forever.’ Evil is the lodging of those that wax proud.
                                                                                  30
                                                                                  And it shall be said to the godfearing, ‘What has your Lord sent down?’ They will say, ‘Good! For those who do good in this world good; and surely the abode of the world to come is better; excellent is the abode of the godfearing --
                                                                                  31
                                                                                  Gardens of Eden they shall enter, underneath which rivers flow, wherein they shall have all they will. So God recompenses the godfearing,
                                                                                  32
                                                                                  whom the angels take while they are goodly, saying, ‘Peace be on you! Enter Paradise for that you were doing.’
                                                                                  33
                                                                                  Do they look for aught but that the angels shall come to them, or thy Lord’s command shall come? So did those before them, and God wronged them not, but themselves they wronged.
                                                                                  34
                                                                                  So the evil things that they wrought. smote them, and they were encompassed by that they mocked at.
                                                                                  35
                                                                                  The idolators say, ‘If God had willed we would not have served; apart from Him, anything, neither we nor our fathers, nor would we have forbidden, apart from Him, anything.’ So did those before them; yet is aught for the Messengers, but to deliver the manifest Message?
                                                                                  36
                                                                                  Indeed, We sent forth among every nation a Messenger,; saying: ‘Serve you God, and eschew idols.’ Then some. of them God guided, and some were justly disposed to error. So journey in the land, and behold how was the end of them that cried lies.
                                                                                  37
                                                                                  Though thou art ever so eager to guide them, God guides not those whom He leads astray; they have no helpers.
                                                                                  38
                                                                                  have sworn by God the most earnest oaths God will never raise up him who dies; nay, it is a promise binding upon Him, but most men know not,
                                                                                  39
                                                                                  so that He may make clear to them that whereon they were at variance, and that the unbelievers may know that they were truly liars.
                                                                                  40
                                                                                  The only words We say to a thing, when We desire it, is that We say to it ‘Be,’ and it is.
                                                                                  41
                                                                                  And those that emigrated in God’s cause after they were wronged -- We shall surely lodge them in this world in a goodly lodging, and the wage of the world to come is greater, did they but know;
                                                                                  42
                                                                                  even such men as are patient, and put their trust in their Lord.
                                                                                  43
                                                                                  We sent not any before thee, except men to whom We revealed: ‘Question the people of the Remembrance, if it should be that you do not know --
                                                                                  44
                                                                                  with the clear signs, and the Psalms; and We have sent down to thee the Remembrance that thou mayest make clear to mankind what was sent down to them; and so haply they will reflect.
                                                                                  45
                                                                                  Do they feel secure, those who devise evil things, that God will not cause the earth to swallow them, or that the chastisement will not come upon them, from whence they are not aware?
                                                                                  46
                                                                                  Or that He will not seize them in their going to and fro, and they will not be able to frustrate Him?
                                                                                  47
                                                                                  Or that He will not seize them, little by little destroying them? Surely thy Lord is All-clement, All-compassionate.
                                                                                  48
                                                                                  Have they not regarded all things that God has created casting their shadows to the right and to the left, bowing themselves before God in all lowliness?
                                                                                  49
                                                                                  To God bows everything in the heavens, and every creature crawling on the earth, and the angels. They have not waxed proud;
                                                                                  50
                                                                                  they fear their Lord above them, and they do what they are commanded.
                                                                                  51
                                                                                  God says: ‘Take not to you two gods. He is only One God; so have awe of Me.’
                                                                                  52
                                                                                  To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and earth; His is the religion for ever. Then will you fear other than God?
                                                                                  53
                                                                                  Whatsoever blessing you have, it comes from God; then when affliction visits you it is unto Him that you groan.
                                                                                  54
                                                                                  Then, when He removes the affliction from you, lo, a party of you assign associates to their Lord,
                                                                                  55
                                                                                  that they may show unthankfulness for that We have given them. So take your joy; certainly you will soon know!
                                                                                  56
                                                                                  And they appoint a share of that We have provided them to what they know not. By God, you shall be questioned as to that you forged.
                                                                                  57
                                                                                  And they assign to God daughters; glory be to Him! -- and they have their desire;
                                                                                  58
                                                                                  and when any of them is given the good tidings of a girl, his face is darkened and he chokes inwardly,
                                                                                  59
                                                                                  as he hides him from the people because of the evil of the good tidings that have been given unto him, whether he shall preserve it in humiliation, or trample it; into the dust. Ah, evil is that they judge!
                                                                                  60
                                                                                  Those who believe not in the world to come, theirs is the evil likeness; God’s is the loftiest likeness; He is the All-mighty, the All-wise.
                                                                                  61
                                                                                  If God should take men to task for their evildoing, He would not leave on the earth one creature that crawls; but He is deferring them to a term stated; and when their term is come they shall not put it back by a single hour nor put it forward.
                                                                                  62
                                                                                  They assign to God that they themselves dislike; and their tongues describe falsehood, that the reward most fair shall be theirs. Without any doubt theirs shall be the Fire, and they are hastened in.
                                                                                  63
                                                                                  By God, assuredly We sent Messengers to nations before thee, but Satan decked out fair to them their deeds; he is their protector today, and there yet awaits them a painful chastisement.
                                                                                  64
                                                                                  And We have not sent down upon thee the Book except that thou mayest make clear to them that whereon they were at variance, and as a guidance and as a mercy to a people who believe.
                                                                                  65
                                                                                  And it is God who sends down out of heaven water, and therewith revives the earth after it is dead. Surely in that is a sign for a people who have ears.
                                                                                  66
                                                                                  And surely in the cattle there is a lesson for you; We give you to drink of what is in their bellies, between filth and blood, pure milk, sweet to drinkers.
                                                                                  67
                                                                                  And of the fruits of the palms and the vines, you take therefrom an intoxicant and a provision fair. Surely in that is a sign for a people who understand.
                                                                                  68
                                                                                  And thy Lord revealed unto the bees, saying: ‘Take unto yourselves, of the mountains, houses, and of the trees, and of what they are building.
                                                                                  69
                                                                                  Then eat of all manner of fruit, and follow the ways of your Lord easy to go upon.’ Then comes there forth out of their bellies a drink of diverse hues wherein is healing for men. Surely in that is a sign for a people who reflect.
                                                                                  70
                                                                                  God created you; then He will gather you to Him; and some of you will be kept back unto the vilest state of life, that after knowing somewhat, they may know nothing; God is All-knowing, All-powerful.
                                                                                  71
                                                                                  And God has preferred some of you over others in provision;, but those that were preferred shall not give over their provision to that their right hands possess, so that they may be equal therein. What, and do they deny God’s blessing?
                                                                                  72
                                                                                  God has appointed for you of yourselves wives, and He has appointed for you of your wives sons and grandsons, and He has provided you of the good things. What, do they believe in vanity, and do they disbelieve in God’s blessing?
                                                                                  73
                                                                                  And do they serve, apart from God, that which has no power to provide them anything from the heavens and the earth and can do nothing?
                                                                                  74
                                                                                  So strike not any similitudes for God; surely God knows, and you know not.
                                                                                  75
                                                                                  God has struck a similitude: a servant possessed by his master, having no power over anything, and one whom We have provided of Ourselves with a provision fair, and he expends of it secretly and openly. Are they equal? Praise belongs to God! Nay, most of them know not.
                                                                                  76
                                                                                  God has struck a similitude: two men, one of them dumb, having no power over anything, and he is a burden upon his master -- wherever he despatches him, he brings no good. Is he equal to him who bids to justice, and is on a straight path?
                                                                                  77
                                                                                  To God belongs the Unseen in the heavens and in the earth. And the matter of the Hour is as a twinkling of the eye, or nearer. Surely God is powerful over everything.
                                                                                  78
                                                                                  And it is God who brought you forth from your mothers’ wombs, and He appointed for you hearing, and sight, and hearts, that haply so you will be thankful.
                                                                                  79
                                                                                  Have they not regarded the birds, that are subjected in the air of heaven? Naught holds them but God; surely in that are signs for’ a people who believe.
                                                                                  80
                                                                                  And it is God who has appointed a place of rest for you of your houses, and He has appointed for you of the skins of the cattle houses you find light on the day that you journey, and on the day you abide, and of their wool, and of their fur, and of their hair furnishing and an enjoyment for a while.
                                                                                  81
                                                                                  And it is God who has appointed for you coverings of the things He created, and He has appointed for you of the mountains refuges, and He has appointed for you shirts to protect you from the heat, and shirts to protect you from your own violence. Even so He perfects His blessing upon you, that haply you will surrender.
                                                                                  82
                                                                                  So, if they turn their backs, thine it is only to deliver the manifest Message.
                                                                                  83
                                                                                  They recognize the blessing of God, then they deny it, and the most of them are the unthankful.
                                                                                  84
                                                                                  And the day We shall raise up from every nation a witness, then to the unbelievers no leave shall be given, nor shall they be suffered to make amends.
                                                                                  85
                                                                                  And when the evildoers behold the chastisement, it shall not be lightened for them, and no respite shall be given them.
                                                                                  86
                                                                                  And when the idolaters behold their associates, they shall say, ‘Our Lord, these are our associates on whom we called apart from Thee.’ They will fling back at them the saying, ‘Surely, you are truly liars.’
                                                                                  87
                                                                                  And they will offer God surrender that day, and there shall go astray from them that they were forging.
                                                                                  88
                                                                                  Those that disbelieve and bar from the way of God -- them We shall give increase of chastisement upon chastisement, for that they were doing corruption.
                                                                                  89
                                                                                  And the day We shall raise up from every nation a witness against them from amongst them, and We shall bring thee as a witness against those. And We have sent down on thee the Book making clear everything, and as a guidance and a mercy, and as good tidings to those who surrender.
                                                                                  90
                                                                                  Surely God bids to justice and good-doing and giving to kinsmen; and He forbids indecency, dishonour, and insolence, admonishing you, so that haply you will remember.
                                                                                  91
                                                                                  Fulfil God’s covenant, when you make covenant, and break not the oaths after they have been confirmed, and you have made God your surety; surely God knows the things you do.
                                                                                  92
                                                                                  And be not as a woman who breaks her thread, after it is firmly spun, into fibres, by taking your oaths as mere mutual deceit, one nation being more numerous than another nation. God only tries you thereby; and certainly He will make clear to you upon the Day of Resurrection that whereon you were at variance.
                                                                                  93
                                                                                  If God had willed, He would have made you one nation; but He leads astray whom He will, and guides whom He will; and you will surely be questioned about the things you wrought.
                                                                                  94
                                                                                  Take not your oaths as mere mutual deceit, lest any foot should slip after it has stood firm, and you should taste evil, for that you barred from the way of God, and lest there should await you a mighty chastisement.
                                                                                  95
                                                                                  And do not sell the covenant of God for a small price; surely what is with God -- that is better for you, did you but know.
                                                                                  96
                                                                                  What is with you comes to an end, but what is with God abides; and surely We shall recompense those who were patient their wage, according to the best of what they did.
                                                                                  97
                                                                                  And whosoever does a righteous deed, be it male or female, believing, We shall assuredly give him to live a goodly life; and We shall recompense them their wage, according to the best of what they did.
                                                                                  98
                                                                                  When thou recitest the Koran, seek refuge in God from the accursed Satan;
                                                                                  99
                                                                                  he has no authority over those who believe and trust in their Lord;
                                                                                  100
                                                                                  his authority is over those who take him for their friend and ascribe associates to God.
                                                                                  101
                                                                                  And when We exchange a verse in the place of another verse and God knows very well what He is sending down -- they say, ‘Thou art a mere forger!’ Nay, but the most of them have no knowledge.
                                                                                  102
                                                                                  Say: ‘The Holy Spirit sent it down from thy Lord in truth, and to confirm those who believe, and to be a guidance and good tidings to those who surrender.’
                                                                                  103
                                                                                  And We know very well that they say, ‘Only a mortal is teaching him.’ The speech of him at whom they hint is barbarous; and this is speech Arabic, manifest.
                                                                                  104
                                                                                  Those that believe not in the signs of God, God will not guide; there awaits them a painful chastisement.
                                                                                  105
                                                                                  They only forge falsehood, who believe not in the signs of God, and those -- they are the liars.
                                                                                  106
                                                                                  Whoso disbelieves in God, after he has believed -- excepting him who has been compelled, and his heart is still at rest in his belief -- but whosoever’s breast is expanded in unbelief, upon them shall rest anger from God, and there awaits them a mighty chastisement;
                                                                                  107
                                                                                  that, because they have preferred the present life over the world to come, and that God guides not the people of the unbelievers.
                                                                                  108
                                                                                  Those -- God has set a seal on their hearts, and their hearing, and their eyes, and those -- they are the heedless ones;
                                                                                  109
                                                                                  without a doubt, in the world to come they will be the losers.
                                                                                  110
                                                                                  Then, surely thy Lord -- unto those who have emigrated after persecution, then struggled and were patient -- surely thy Lord thereafter is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
                                                                                  111
                                                                                  The day that every soul shall come disputing in its own behalf; and every soul shall be paid in full for what it wrought, and they shall not be wronged.
                                                                                  112
                                                                                  God has struck a similitude: a city that was secure, at rest, its provision coming to it easefully from every place, then it was unthankful for the blessings of God; so God let it taste the garment of hunger and of fear, for the things that they were working.
                                                                                  113
                                                                                  There came indeed to them a Messenger from amongst them, but they cried him lies; so they were seized by the chastisement while they were evildoers.
                                                                                  114
                                                                                  So eat of what God has provided you lawful and good; and be you thankful for the blessing of God, if it be Him that you serve.
                                                                                  115
                                                                                  These things only He has forbidden you: carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, what has been hallowed to other than God. Yet whoso is constrained, not desiring nor transgressing, God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
                                                                                  116
                                                                                  And do not say, as to what your tongues falsely describe, ‘This is lawful; and this is forbidden, so that you may forge against God falsehood; surely those who forge against God falsehood shall not prosper.
                                                                                  117
                                                                                  A little enjoyment, then for them awaits a painful chastisement.
                                                                                  118
                                                                                  And those of Jewry -- We have forbidden them what We related to thee before, and We wronged them not, but they wronged themselves.
                                                                                  119
                                                                                  Then, surely thy Lord -- unto those who did evil in ignorance, then repented after that and put things right -- surely thy Lord thereafter is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
                                                                                  120
                                                                                  Surely, Abraham was a nation obedient unto God, a man of pure faith and no idolater,
                                                                                  121
                                                                                  showing thankfulness for His blessings; He chose him, and He guided him to a straight path.
                                                                                  122
                                                                                  And We gave him in this world good, and in the world to come he shall be among the righteous.
                                                                                  123
                                                                                  Then We revealed to thee: ‘Follow thou the creed of Abraham, a man of pure faith and no idolater.’
                                                                                  124
                                                                                  The Sabbath was only appointed for those who were at variance thereon; surely thy Lord will decide between them on the Day of Resurrection, touching their differences.
                                                                                  125
                                                                                  Call thou to the way of thy Lord with wisdom and good admonition, and dispute with them in the better way. Surely thy Lord knows very well those who have gone astray from His way, and He knows very well those who are guided.
                                                                                  126
                                                                                  And if you chastise, chastise even as you have been chastised; and yet assuredly if you are patient, better it is for those patient.
                                                                                  127
                                                                                  And be patient; yet is thy patience only with the help of God. And do not sorrow for them, nor be thou straitened for what they devise.
                                                                                  128
                                                                                  Surely God is with those who are godfearing, and those who are good-doers.
                                                                                  ←|→
                                                                                  Pitckthall, 1930Context
                                                                                  X
                                                                                  The Bee
                                                                                  Revealed at Mecca
                                                                                  In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
                                                                                  1
                                                                                  The commandment of Allah will come to pass, so seek not ye to hasten it. Glorified and Exalted be He above all that they associate (with Him).
                                                                                  2
                                                                                  He sendeth down the angels with the Spirit of His command unto whom He will of His bondmen, (saying): Warn mankind that there is no Allah save Me, so keep your duty unto Me.
                                                                                  3
                                                                                  He hath created the heavens and the earth with truth. High be He Exalted above all that they associate (with Him).
                                                                                  4
                                                                                  He hath created man from a drop of fluid, yet behold! he is an open opponent.
                                                                                  5
                                                                                  And the cattle hath He created, whence ye have warm clothing and uses, and whereof ye eat;
                                                                                  6
                                                                                  And wherein is beauty for you, when ye bring them home, and when ye take them out to pasture.
                                                                                  7
                                                                                  And they bear your loads for you unto a land ye could not reach save with great trouble to yourselves. Lo! your Lord is Full of Pity, Merciful.
                                                                                  8
                                                                                  And horses and mules and asses (hath He created) that ye may ride them, and for ornament. And He createth that which ye know not.
                                                                                  9
                                                                                  And Allah’s is the direction of the way, and some (roads) go not straight. And had He willed He would have led you all aright.
                                                                                  10
                                                                                  He it is Who sendeth down water from the sky, whence ye have drink, and whence are trees on which ye send your beasts to pasture.
                                                                                  11
                                                                                  Therewith He causeth crops to grow for you, and the olive and the date-palm and grapes and all kinds of fruit. Lo! herein is indeed a portent for people who reflect.
                                                                                  12
                                                                                  And He hath constrained the night and the day and the sun and the moon to be of service unto you, and the stars are made subservient by His command. Lo! herein indeed are portents for people who have sense.
                                                                                  13
                                                                                  And whatsoever He hath created for you in the earth of divers hues, lo! therein is indeed a portent for people who take heed.
                                                                                  14
                                                                                  And He it is Who hath constrained the sea to be of service that ye eat fresh meat from thence, and bring forth from thence ornaments which ye wear. And thou seest the ships ploughing it that ye (mankind) may seek of His bounty and that haply ye may give thanks.
                                                                                  15
                                                                                  And He hath cast into the earth firm hills that it quake not with you, and streams and roads that ye may find a way.
                                                                                  16
                                                                                  And landmarks (too), and by the star they find a way.
                                                                                  17
                                                                                  Is He then Who createth as him who createth not? Will ye not then remember?
                                                                                  18
                                                                                  And if ye would count the favour of Allah ye cannot reckon it. Lo! Allah is indeed Forgiving, Merciful.
                                                                                  19
                                                                                  And Allah knoweth that which ye keep hidden and that which ye proclaim.
                                                                                  20
                                                                                  Those unto whom they cry beside Allah created naught, but are themselves created.
                                                                                  21
                                                                                  (They are) dead, not living. And they know not when they will be raised.
                                                                                  22
                                                                                  Your Allah is One Allah. But as for those who believe not in the Hereafter their hearts refuse to know, for they are proud.
                                                                                  23
                                                                                  Assuredly Allah knoweth that which they keep hidden and that which they proclaim. Lo! He loveth not the proud.
                                                                                  24
                                                                                  And when it is said unto them: What hath your Lord revealed? they say: (Mere) fables of the men of old,
                                                                                  25
                                                                                  That they may bear their burdens undiminished on the Day of Resurrection, with somewhat of the burdens of those whom they mislead without knowledge. Ah! evil is that which they bear!
                                                                                  26
                                                                                  Those before them plotted, so Allah struck at the foundations of their building, and then the roof fell down upon them from above them, and the doom came on them whence they knew not;
                                                                                  27
                                                                                  Then on the Day of Resurrection He will disgrace them and will say: Where are My partners, for whose sake ye opposed (My guidance)? Those who have been given knowledge will say: Disgrace this day and evil are upon the disbelievers,
                                                                                  28
                                                                                  Whom the angels cause to die while they are wronging themselves. Then will they make full submission (saying): We used not to do any wrong. Nay! Surely Allah is Knower of what ye used to do.
                                                                                  29
                                                                                  So enter the gates of hell, to dwell therein for ever. Woeful indeed will be the lodging of the arrogant.
                                                                                  30
                                                                                  And it is said unto those who ward off (evil): What hath your Lord revealed? They say: Good. For those who do good in this world there is a good (reward) and the home of the Hereafter will be better. Pleasant indeed will be the home of those who ward off (evil) -
                                                                                  31
                                                                                  Gardens of Eden which they enter, underneath which rivers flow, wherein they have what they will. Thus Allah repayeth those who ward off (evil),
                                                                                  32
                                                                                  Those whom the angels cause to die (when they are) good. They say: Peace be unto you! Enter the Garden because of what ye used to do.
                                                                                  33
                                                                                  Await they aught say that the angels should come unto them or thy Lord’s command should come to pass? Even so did those before them. Allah wronged them not, but they did wrong themselves,
                                                                                  34
                                                                                  So that the evils of what they did smote them, and that which they used to mock surrounded them.
                                                                                  35
                                                                                  And the idolaters say: Had Allah willed, we had not worshipped aught beside Him, we and our fathers, nor had we forbidden aught without (command from) Him. Even so did those before them. Are the messengers charged with aught save plain conveyance (of the message)?
                                                                                  36
                                                                                  And verily We have raised in every nation a messenger, (proclaiming): Serve Allah and shun false gods. Then some of them (there were) whom Allah guided, and some of them (there were) upon whom error had just hold. Do but travel in the land and see the nature of the consequence for the deniers!
                                                                                  37
                                                                                  Even if thou (O Muḥammad) desirest their right guidance, still Allah assuredly will not guide him who misleadeth. Such have no helpers.
                                                                                  38
                                                                                  And they swear by Allah their most binding oaths (that) Allah will not raise up him who dieth. Nay, but it is a promise (binding) upon Him in truth, but most of mankind know not,
                                                                                  39
                                                                                  That He may explain unto them that wherein they differ, and that those who disbelieved may know that they were liars.
                                                                                  40
                                                                                  And Our word unto a thing, when We intend it, is only that We say unto it: Be! and it is.
                                                                                  41
                                                                                  And those who became fugitives for the cause of Allah after they had been oppressed, We verily shall give them goodly lodging in the world, and surely the reward of the Hereafter is greater, if they but knew;
                                                                                  42
                                                                                  Such as are steadfast and put their trust in Allah.
                                                                                  43
                                                                                  And We sent not (as Our messengers) before thee other than men whom We inspired - Ask the followers of the Remembrance if ye know not! -
                                                                                  44
                                                                                  With clear proofs and writings; and We have revealed unto thee the Remembrance that thou mayst explain to mankind that which hath been revealed for them, and that haply they may reflect.
                                                                                  45
                                                                                  Are they who plan ill-deeds then secure that Allah will not cause the earth to swallow them, or that the doom will not come on them whence they know not?
                                                                                  46
                                                                                  Or that He will not seize them in their going to and fro so that there be no escape for them?
                                                                                  47
                                                                                  Or that He will not seize them with a gradual wasting? Lo! thy Lord is indeed Full of Pity, Merciful.
                                                                                  48
                                                                                  Have they not observed all things that Allah hath created, how their shadows incline to the right and to the left, making prostration unto Allah, and they are lowly?
                                                                                  49
                                                                                  And unto Allah maketh prostration whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth of living creatures, and the angels (also) and they are not proud.
                                                                                  50
                                                                                  They fear their Lord above them, and do what they are bidden.
                                                                                  51
                                                                                  Allah hath said: Choose not two gods. There is only One Allah. So of Me, Me only, be in awe.
                                                                                  52
                                                                                  Unto Him belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth, and religion is His for ever. Will ye then fear any other than Allah?
                                                                                  53
                                                                                  And whatever of comfort ye enjoy, it is from Allah. Then, when misfortune reacheth you, unto Him ye cry for help.
                                                                                  54
                                                                                  And afterward, when He hath rid you of the misfortune, behold! a set of you attribute partners to their Lord,
                                                                                  55
                                                                                  So as to deny that which We have given them. Then enjoy life (while ye may), for ye will come to know.
                                                                                  56
                                                                                  And they assign a portion of that which We have given them unto what they know not. By Allah! but ye will indeed be asked concerning (all) that ye used to invent.
                                                                                  57
                                                                                  And they assign unto Allah daughters - Be He Glorified! - and unto themselves what they desire;
                                                                                  58
                                                                                  When if one of them receiveth tidings of the birth of a female, his face remaineth darkened, and he is wroth inwardly.
                                                                                  59
                                                                                  He hideth himself from the folk because of the evil of that whereof he hath had tidings, (asking himself): Shall he keep it in contempt, or bury it beneath the dust. Verily evil is their judgment.
                                                                                  60
                                                                                  For those who believe not in the Hereafter is an evil similitude, and Allah’s is the Sublime Similitude. He is the Mighty, the Wise.
                                                                                  61
                                                                                  If Allah were to take mankind to task for their wrong-doing, he would not leave hereon a living creature, but He reprieveth them to an appointed term, and when their term cometh they cannot put (it) off an hour nor (yet) advance (it).
                                                                                  62
                                                                                  And they assign unto Allah that which they (themselves) dislike, and their tongues expound the lie that the better portion will be theirs. Assuredly theirs will be the Fire, and they will be abandoned.
                                                                                  63
                                                                                  By Allah, We verily sent messengers unto the nations before thee, but the devil made their deeds fairseeming unto them. So he is their patron this day, and theirs will be a painful doom.
                                                                                  64
                                                                                  And We have revealed the Scripture unto thee only that thou mayst explain unto them that wherein they differ, and (as) a guidance and a mercy for a people who believe.
                                                                                  65
                                                                                  Allah sendeth down water from the sky and therewith reviveth the earth after her death. Lo! herein is indeed a portent for a folk who hear.
                                                                                  66
                                                                                  And lo! in the cattle there is a lesson for you. We give you to drink of that which is in their bellies, from betwixt the refuse and the blood, pure milk palatable to the drinkers.
                                                                                  67
                                                                                  And of the fruits of the date-palm, and grapes, whence ye derive strong drink and (also) good nourishment. Lo! therein is indeed a portent for people who have sense.
                                                                                  68
                                                                                  And thy Lord inspired the bee, saying: Choose thou habitations in the hills and in the trees and in that which they thatch;
                                                                                  69
                                                                                  Then eat of all fruits, and follow the ways of thy Lord, made smooth (for thee). There cometh forth from their bellies a drink divers of hues, wherein is healing for mankind. Lo! herein is indeed a portent for people who reflect.
                                                                                  70
                                                                                  And Allah createth you, then causeth you to die, and among you is he who is brought back to the most abject stage of life, so that he knoweth nothing after (having had) knowledge. Lo! Allah is Knower, Powerful.
                                                                                  71
                                                                                  And Allah hath favoured some of you above others in provision. Now those who are more favoured will by no means hand over their provision to those (slaves) whom their right hands possess, so that they may be equal with them in respect thereof. Is it then the grace of Allah that they deny?
                                                                                  72
                                                                                  And Allah hath given you wives of your own kind, and hath given you, from your wives, sons and grandsons, and hath made provision of good things for you. Is it then in vanity that they believe and in the grace of Allah that they disbelieve?
                                                                                  73
                                                                                  And they worship beside Allah that which owneth no provision whatsoever for them from the heavens or the earth, nor have they (whom they worship) any power.
                                                                                  74
                                                                                  So coin not similitudes for Allah. Lo! Allah knoweth; ye know not.
                                                                                  75
                                                                                  Allah coineth a similitude: (on the one hand) a (mere) chattel slave, who hath control of nothing, and (on the other hand) one on whom we have bestowed a fair provision from Us, and he spendeth thereof secretly and openly. Are they equal? Praise be to Allah! But most of them know not.
                                                                                  76
                                                                                  And Allah coineth a similitude: Two men, one of them dumb, having control of nothing, and he is a burden on his owner; whithersoever he directeth him to go, he bringeth no good. Is he equal with one who enjoineth justice and followeth a straight path (of conduct)?
                                                                                  77
                                                                                  And unto Allah belongeth the Unseen of the heavens and the earth, and the matter of the Hour (of Doom) is but as a twinkling of the eye, or it is nearer still. Lo! Allah is Able to do all things.
                                                                                  78
                                                                                  And Allah brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers knowing nothing, and gave you hearing and sight and hearts that haply ye might give thanks.
                                                                                  79
                                                                                  Have they not seen the birds obedient in mid-air? None holdeth them save Allah. Lo! herein, verily, are portents for a people who believe.
                                                                                  80
                                                                                  And Allah hath given you in your houses an abode, and hath given you (also), of the hides of cattle, houses which ye find light (to carry) on the day of migration and on the day of pitching camp; and of their wool and their fur and their hair, caparison and comfort for a while.
                                                                                  81
                                                                                  And Allah hath given you, of that which He hath created, shelter from the sun; and hath given you places of refuge in the mountains, and hath given you coats to ward off the heat from you, and coats (of armour) to save you from your own foolhardiness. Thus doth He perfect His favour unto you, in order that ye may surrender (unto Him).
                                                                                  82
                                                                                  Then, if they turn away, thy duty (O Muḥammad) is but plain conveyance (of the message).
                                                                                  83
                                                                                  They know the favour of Allah and then deny it. Most of them are ingrates.
                                                                                  84
                                                                                  And (bethink you of) the day when we raise up of every nation a witness, then there is no leave for disbelievers, nor are they allowed to make amends.
                                                                                  85
                                                                                  And when those who did wrong behold the doom, it will not be made light for them, nor will they be reprieved.
                                                                                  86
                                                                                  And when those who ascribed partners to Allah behold those partners of theirs, they will say: Our Lord! these are our partners unto whom we used to cry instead of Thee. But they will fling to them the saying: Lo! ye verily are liars!
                                                                                  87
                                                                                  And they proffer unto Allah submission on that day, and all that they used to invent hath failed them.
                                                                                  88
                                                                                  For those who disbelieve and debar (men) from the way of Allah, We add doom to doom because they wrought corruption,
                                                                                  89
                                                                                  And (bethink you of) the day when We raise in every nation a witness against them of their own folk, and We bring thee (Muḥammad) as a witness against these. And We reveal the Scripture unto thee as an exposition of all things, and a guidance and a mercy and good tidings for those who have surrendered (to Allah).
                                                                                  90
                                                                                  Lo! Allah enjoineth justice and kindness, and giving to kinsfolk, and forbiddeth lewdness and abomination and wickedness. He exhorteth you in order that ye may take heed.
                                                                                  91
                                                                                  Fulfil the covenant of Allah when ye have covenanted, and break not your oaths after the asseveration of them, and after ye have made Allah surety over you. Lo! Allah knoweth what ye do.
                                                                                  92
                                                                                  And be not like unto her who unravelleth the thread, after she hath made it strong, to thin filaments, making your oaths a deceit between you because of a nation being more numerous than (another) nation. Allah only trieth you thereby, and He verily will explain to you on the Day of Resurrection that wherein ye differed.
                                                                                  93
                                                                                  Had Allah willed He could have made you (all) one nation, but He sendeth whom He will astray and guideth whom He will, and ye will indeed be asked of what ye used to do.
                                                                                  94
                                                                                  Make not your oaths a deceit between you, lest a foot should slip after being firmly planted and ye should taste evil forasmuch as ye debarred (men) from the way of Allah, and yours should be an awful doom.
                                                                                  95
                                                                                  And purchase not a small gain at the price of Allah’s covenant. Lo! that which Allah hath is better for you, if ye did but know.
                                                                                  96
                                                                                  That which ye have wasteth away, and that which Allah hath remaineth. And verily We shall pay those who are steadfast a recompense in proportion to the best of what they used to do.
                                                                                  97
                                                                                  Whosoever doeth right, whether male or female, and is a believer, him verily we shall quicken with good life, and We shall pay them a recompense in proportion to the best of what they used to do.
                                                                                  98
                                                                                  And when thou recitest the Qur’an, seek refuge in Allah from Satan the outcast.
                                                                                  99
                                                                                  Lo! he hath no power over those who believe and put trust in their Lord.
                                                                                  100
                                                                                  His power is only over those who make a friend of him, and those who ascribe partners unto Him (Allah).
                                                                                  101
                                                                                  And when We put a revelation in place of (another) revelation, - and Allah knoweth best what He revealeth - they say: Lo! thou art but inventing. Most of them know not.
                                                                                  102
                                                                                  Say: The holy Spirit hath delivered it from thy Lord with truth, that it may confirm (the faith of) those who believe, and as guidance and good tidings for those who have surrendered (to Allah).
                                                                                  103
                                                                                  And We know well that they say: Only a man teacheth him. The speech of him at whom they falsely hint is outlandish, and this is clear Arabic speech.
                                                                                  104
                                                                                  Lo! those who disbelieve the revelations of Allah, Allah guideth them not and theirs will be a painful doom.
                                                                                  105
                                                                                  Only they invent falsehood who believe not Allah’s revelations, and (only) they are the liars.
                                                                                  106
                                                                                  Whoso disbelieveth in Allah after his belief - save him who is forced thereto and whose heart is still content with the Faith - but whoso findeth ease in disbelief: On them is wrath from Allah. Theirs will be an awful doom.
                                                                                  107
                                                                                  That is because they have chosen the life of the world rather than the Hereafter, and because Allah guideth not the disbelieving folk.
                                                                                  108
                                                                                  Such are they whose hearts and ears and eyes Allah hath sealed. And such are the heedless.
                                                                                  109
                                                                                  Assuredly in the Hereafter they are the losers.
                                                                                  110
                                                                                  Then lo! thy Lord - for those who became fugitives after they had been persecuted, and then fought and were steadfast - lo! thy Lord afterward is (for them) indeed Forgiving, Merciful.
                                                                                  111
                                                                                  On the Day when every soul will come pleading for itself, and every soul will be repaid what it did, and they will not be wronged.
                                                                                  112
                                                                                  Allah coineth a similitude: a township that dwelt secure and well content, its provision coming to it in abundance from every side, but it disbelieved in Allah’s favours, so Allah made it experience the garb of dearth and fear because of what they used to do.
                                                                                  113
                                                                                  And verily there had come unto them a messenger from among them, but they had denied him, and so the torment seized them while they were wrong-doers.
                                                                                  114
                                                                                  So eat of the lawful and good food which Allah hath provided for you, and thank the bounty of your Lord if it is Him ye serve.
                                                                                  115
                                                                                  He hath forbidden for you only carrion and blood and swineflesh and that which hath been immolated in the name of any other than Allah; but he who is driven thereto, neither craving nor transgressing, lo! then Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
                                                                                  116
                                                                                  And speak not, concerning that which your own tongues qualify (as clean or unclean), the falsehood: "This is lawful, and this is forbidden," so that ye invent a lie against Allah. Lo! those who invent a lie against Allah will not succeed.
                                                                                  117
                                                                                  A brief enjoyment (will be theirs); and theirs a painful doom.
                                                                                  118
                                                                                  And unto those who are Jews We have forbidden that which We have already related unto thee. And We wronged them not, but they were wont to wrong themselves.
                                                                                  119
                                                                                  Then lo! thy Lord - for those who do evil in ignorance and afterward repent and amend - lo! (for them) thy Lord is afterward indeed Forgiving, Merciful.
                                                                                  120
                                                                                  Lo! Abraham was a nation obedient to Allah, by nature upright, and he was not of the idolaters;
                                                                                  121
                                                                                  Thankful for His bounties; He chose him and He guided him unto a straight path.
                                                                                  122
                                                                                  And We gave him good in the world, and in the Hereafter he is among the righteous.
                                                                                  123
                                                                                  And afterward We inspired thee (Muḥammad, saying): Follow the religion of Abraham, as one by nature upright. He was not of the idolaters.
                                                                                  124
                                                                                  The Sabbath was appointed only for those who differed concerning it, and lo! thy Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein they used to differ.
                                                                                  125
                                                                                  Call unto the way of thy Lord with wisdom and fair exhortation, and reason with them in the better way. Lo! thy Lord is Best Aware of him who strayeth from His way, and He is Best Aware of those who go aright.
                                                                                  126
                                                                                  If ye punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith ye were afflicted. But if ye endure patiently, verily it is better for the patient.
                                                                                  127
                                                                                  Endure thou patiently (O Muḥammad). Thine endurance is only by (the help of) Allah. Grieve not for them, and be not in distress because of that which they devise.
                                                                                  128
                                                                                  Lo! Allah is with those who keep their duty unto Him and those who are doers of good.
                                                                                  ←|→
                                                                                  Sale, 1734Context
                                                                                  X
                                                                                  CHAP. XVI.
                                                                                  Intitled, The Bee
                                                                                  a
                                                                                  Note [original edition] : This insect is mentioned about the middle of the chapter.
                                                                                    ; revealed at Mecca
                                                                                    b
                                                                                    Note [original edition] : Except the three last verses.
                                                                                      .
                                                                                      In the name of the most merciful God.
                                                                                      1
                                                                                      THE sentence of God will surely come to be executed; wherefore do not hasten it. Praise be unto him! and far be that from him which they associate with him!
                                                                                      2
                                                                                      He shall cause the angels to descend with a revelation by his command, unto such of his servants as he pleaseth, saying, Preach that there is no God, except myself; therefore fear me.
                                                                                      3
                                                                                      He hath created the heavens and the earth to manifest his justice; far be that from him which they associate with him!
                                                                                      4
                                                                                      He hath created man of seed; and yet
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                                                                                      behold he is a professed disputer against the resurrection
                                                                                      a
                                                                                      Note [original edition] : Behold he is a professed disputer against the resurrection;] The person particularly intended in this place was Obba Ebn Khalf, who came to Mohammed with a rotten bone, and asked him whether it was possible for God to restore it to life1.
                                                                                      • 1 Idem.
                                                                                      .
                                                                                      5
                                                                                      He hath likewise created the cattle for you; from them ye have wherewith to keep yourselves warm
                                                                                      b
                                                                                      Note [original edition] : Ye have wherewith to keep yourselves warm;] viz. Their skins, wool, and hair, which serve you for clothing.
                                                                                        , and other advantages; and of them do ye also eat.
                                                                                        6
                                                                                        And they are likewise a credit unto you
                                                                                        c
                                                                                        Note [original edition] : A credit unto you;] Being a grace to your court-yards, and a credit to you in the eyes of your neighbours2.
                                                                                        • 2 Idem.
                                                                                        , when ye drive them home in the evening, and when ye lead them forth to feed in the morning:
                                                                                        7
                                                                                        and they carry your burthens to a distant country, at which ye could not otherwise arrive, unless with great difficulty to yourselves; for your Lord is compassionate and merciful.
                                                                                        8
                                                                                        and he hath also created horses, and mules, and asses, that ye may ride thereon, and for an ornament unto you; and he likewise created other things which ye know not.
                                                                                        9
                                                                                        It appertaineth unto God to instruct men in the right way; and there is who turneth aside from the same: but if he had pleased, he would certainly have directed you all.
                                                                                        10
                                                                                        It is he who sendeth down from heaven rain water, whereof ye have to drink, and from which plants, whereon ye feed your cattle, receive their nourishment.
                                                                                        11
                                                                                        And by means thereof he causeth corn, and olives, and palm-trees, and grapes, and all kinds of fruits, to spring forth for you. Surely herein is a sign of the divine power and wisdom unto people who consider.
                                                                                        12
                                                                                        And he hath subjected the night and the day to your service; and the sun, and the moon, and the stars, which are compelled to serve by his command. Verily herein are signs unto people of understanding.
                                                                                        13
                                                                                        And he hath also given you dominion over whatever he hath created for you in the earth, distinguished by its different colour
                                                                                        d
                                                                                        Note [original edition] : Distinguished by its different colour;] That is, of every kind; the various colour of things being one of their chief distinctions3.
                                                                                        • 3 Idem.
                                                                                        . Surely herein is a sign unto people who reflect.
                                                                                        14
                                                                                        It is he who hath subjected the sea unto you, that ye might eat fish
                                                                                        e
                                                                                        Note [original edition] : Fish;] Literally, fresh flesh; by which fish is meant, as being naturally more fresh, and sooner liable to corruption, than the flesh of birds and beasts. The expression is thought to have been made use of here the rather, because the production of such fresh food from salt water is an instance of God’s power4.
                                                                                        • 4 Idem.
                                                                                        thereout, and take from thence ornaments
                                                                                        f
                                                                                        Note [original edition] : Ornaments;] As pearls and coral.
                                                                                          for you to wear; and thou seest the ships ploughing the waves thereof, that ye may seek to enrich your selves of his abundance, by commerce; and that ye might give thanks.
                                                                                          15
                                                                                          And he hath thrown upon the earth mountains firmly rooted, lest it should move with you
                                                                                          g
                                                                                          Note [original edition] : Lest it should move with you;] The Mohammedans suppose that the earth, when first created, was smooth and equal, and thereby liable to a circular motion as well as the celestial orbs; and that the angels asking, who could be able to stand on so tottering a frame, God fixed it the next morning by throwing the mountains on it.
                                                                                            , and also rivers, and paths, that ye might be directed:
                                                                                            16
                                                                                            and he hath likewise ordained marks whereby men may know their way; and they are directed by the stars
                                                                                            h
                                                                                            Note [original edition] : And they are directed by the stars;] Which are their guides, not only at sea, but also on land, when they travel by night through the deserts. The stars which they observe for this purpose, are either the pleiades, or some of those near the pole.
                                                                                              .
                                                                                              17
                                                                                              Shall God therefore, who createth,
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                                                                                              be as he who createth not? Do ye not therefore consider?
                                                                                              18
                                                                                              If ye attempt to reckon up the favours of God, ye shall not be able to compute their number; God is surely gracious and merciful;
                                                                                              19
                                                                                              and God knoweth that which ye conceal, and that which ye publish.
                                                                                              20
                                                                                              But the idols which ye invoke, besides God, create nothing, but are themselves created.
                                                                                              21
                                                                                              They are dead, and not living; neither do they understand when they shall be raised
                                                                                              a
                                                                                              Note [original edition] : When they shall be raised;] i.e. At what time they or their worshippers shall be raised to receive judgment.
                                                                                                .
                                                                                                22
                                                                                                Your God is one God. As to those who believe not in the life to come, their hearts deny the plainest evidence, and they proudly reject the truth.
                                                                                                23
                                                                                                There is no doubt but God knoweth that which they conceal and that which they discover. Verily he loveth not the proud.
                                                                                                24
                                                                                                And when it is said unto them, What hath your Lord sent down unto Mohammed? they answer, Fables of ancient times.
                                                                                                25
                                                                                                Thus are they given up to error, that they may bear their own burthens without diminution on the day of resurrection, and also a part of the burthens of those whom they caused to err, without knowledge. Will it not be an evil burthen which they shall bear?
                                                                                                26
                                                                                                Their predecessors devised plots heretofore: but God came into their building, to overthrow it from the foundations; and the roof fell on them from above, and a punishment came upon them, from whence they did not expect
                                                                                                b
                                                                                                Note [original edition] : God overthrew their building, &c.] Some understand this passage figuratively, of God’s disappointing their wicked designs; but others suppose the words literally relate to the tower which Nimrod (whom the Mohammedans will have to be the son of Caanan, the son of Ham, and so the nephew of Cush, and not his son) built in Babel, and carried to an immense height (five thousand cubits, say some,) foolishly purposing thereby to ascend to heaven and wage war with the inhabitants of that place; but God frustrated his attempt, utterly overthrowing the tower by a violent wind and earthquake1.
                                                                                                • 1 Idem, Jallalo’ddin. V. D’Herbel. Bibl. Orient. Art. Nemrod.
                                                                                                .
                                                                                                27
                                                                                                Also on the day of resurrection he will cover them with shame; and will say, Where are my companions, concerning whom ye disputed? Those unto whom knowledge shall have been given
                                                                                                c
                                                                                                Note [original edition] : Those unto whom knowledge shall have been given;] viz. The prophets, and the teachers and professors of God’s unity; or, the angels.
                                                                                                  , shall answer, This day shall shame and misery fall upon the unbelievers.
                                                                                                  28
                                                                                                  They whom the angels shall cause to die, having dealt unjustly with their own souls, shall offer to make their peace
                                                                                                  d
                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : Shall offer to make their peace;] Making their submission, and humbly excusing their evil actions, as proceeding from ignorance, and not from obstinacy or malice2.
                                                                                                  • 2 Iidem Interp.
                                                                                                  in the article of death, saying, We have done no evil. But the angels shall reply, Yea; verily God well knoweth that which ye have wrought:
                                                                                                  29
                                                                                                  wherefore enter the gates of hell, therein to remain for ever; and miserable shall be the abode of the proud.
                                                                                                  30
                                                                                                  And it shall be said unto those who shall fear God, What hath your Lord sent down? They shall answer, Good; unto those who do right shall be given an excellent reward in this world; but the dwelling of the next life shall be better; and happy shall be the dwelling of the pious!
                                                                                                  31
                                                                                                  namely, gardens of eternal abode
                                                                                                  e
                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : Gardens of eternal abode;] Literally, gardens of Eden. See chap. 9. p. 158.
                                                                                                    , into which they shall enter; rivers shall flow beneath the same; therein shall they enjoy whatever they wish. Thus will God recompense the pious.
                                                                                                    32
                                                                                                    Unto the righteous whom the angels shall cause to
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                                                                                                    die, they shall say, Peace be upon you; enter ye into paradise, as a reward for that which ye have wrought.
                                                                                                    33
                                                                                                    Do the unbelievers expect any other than that the angels come unto them, to part their souls from their bodies; or that the sentence of thy Lord come to be executed on them? So did they act who were before them; and God was not unjust towards them in that he destroyed them; but they dealt unjustly with their own souls:
                                                                                                    34
                                                                                                    the evils of that which they committed reached them; and the divine judgment which they scoffed at fell upon them.
                                                                                                    35
                                                                                                    The idolaters say, If God had pleased, we had not worshipped anything besides him, neither had our fathers: neither had we forbidden anything, without him
                                                                                                    a
                                                                                                    Note [original edition] : If God had pleased, we had not worshipped any besides him, &c.] This they spoke of in a scoffing manner, justifying their idolatry and superstitious abstaining from certain cattle1, by pretending, that had these things been disagreeable to God, he would not have suffered them to be practised.
                                                                                                    • 1 See chap. 6. p. 114, &c.
                                                                                                    . So did they who were before them. But is the duty of the apostles any other than public preaching?
                                                                                                    36
                                                                                                    We have heretofore raised up in every nation an apostle to admonish them, saying, Worship God, and avoid Taghut
                                                                                                    b
                                                                                                    Note [original edition] : Taghut;] See chap. 2. p. 31.
                                                                                                      . And of them there were some whom God directed, and there were others of them who were decreed to go astray. Wherefore go through the earth, O tribe of Koreish, and see what hath been the end of those who accused their apostles of imposture.
                                                                                                      37
                                                                                                      If thou, O prophet, dost earnestly wish for their direction; verily God will not direct him whom he hath resolved to lead into error; neither shall they have any helpers.
                                                                                                      38
                                                                                                      And they swear most solemnly by God, saying, God will not raise the dead. Yea; the promise thereof is true: but the greater part of men know it not.
                                                                                                      39
                                                                                                      He will raise them that he may clearly shew them the truth concerning which they now disagree, and that the unbelievers may know that they are liars.
                                                                                                      40
                                                                                                      Verily our speech unto anything, when we will the same, is, that we only say unto it, Be; and it is.
                                                                                                      41
                                                                                                      As for those who have fled their country for the sake of God, after they had been unjustly persecuted
                                                                                                      c
                                                                                                      Note [original edition] : Who have fled their country after they had been unjustly persecuted;] Some suppose the prophet and the companions of his flight in general, are here intended: others suppose that those are particularly meant in this place, who, after Mohammed’s departure, were imprisoned at Mecca on account of their having embraced his religion, and suffered great persecution from the Koreish; as, Belâl, Soheib, Khabbab, Ammâr, Abes, Abu’l Jandal, and Sohail 2.
                                                                                                      • 2 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                      ; we will surely provide them an excellent habitation in this world, but the reward of the next life shall be greater; if they knew it
                                                                                                      d
                                                                                                      Note [original edition] : If they knew it;] It is uncertain whether the pronoun they relates to the infidels, or to the true believers. If to the former, the consequence would be, that they they would be desirous of attaining to the happiness of the Mohajerîn, by professing the same faith; if to the latter, the knowledge of this is urged as a motive to patience and perseverance3.
                                                                                                      • 3 Idem.
                                                                                                      .
                                                                                                      42
                                                                                                      They who persevere patiently, and put their trust in their Lord, shall not fail of happiness in this life and in that which is to come.
                                                                                                      43
                                                                                                      We have not sent any before thee, as our apostles, other than men
                                                                                                      e
                                                                                                      Note [original edition] : See chap. 7. p. 122. not. k. chap. 12. p. 199, &c.
                                                                                                        , unto whom we spake by revelation. Inquire therefore of those who have the custody of the scriptures, if ye know not this to be truth.
                                                                                                        44
                                                                                                        We sent them with evident miracles, and written revelations; and we have sent
                                                                                                        Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                        down unto thee this Koran
                                                                                                        a
                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : This Korân;] Literally, this admonition 1.
                                                                                                        • 1 See the Prelim. Disc. §. III. p. 57.
                                                                                                        , that thou mayest declare unto mankind that which hath been sent down unto them, and that they may consider.
                                                                                                        45
                                                                                                        Are they who have plotted evil against their prophet secure that God will not cause the earth to cleave under them, or that a punishment will not come upon them, from whence they do not expect;
                                                                                                        46
                                                                                                        or that he will not chastise them while they are busied in travelling from one place to another, and in traffick? (for they shall not be able to elude the power of God,)
                                                                                                        47
                                                                                                        or that he will not chastise them by a gradual destruction? But your Lord is truly gracious and merciful in granting you respite.
                                                                                                        48
                                                                                                        Do they not consider the things which God hath created; whose shadows are cast on the right hand and on the left, worshipping God
                                                                                                        b
                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : See chap. 13. p. 202, not. b.
                                                                                                          , and become contracted?
                                                                                                          49
                                                                                                          Whatever moveth both in heaven and on earth worshippeth God, and the angels also; and they are not elated with pride, so as to disdain his service:
                                                                                                          50
                                                                                                          they fear their Lord, who is exalted above them, and perform that which they are commanded.
                                                                                                          51
                                                                                                          God said, Take not unto yourselves two gods; for there is but one God: and revere me.
                                                                                                          52
                                                                                                          Unto him belongeth whatsoever is in heaven and on earth; and unto him is obedience eternally due. Will ye therefore fear any besides God?
                                                                                                          53
                                                                                                          Whatever favours ye have received are certainly from God; and when evil afflicteth you, unto him do ye make your supplication;
                                                                                                          54
                                                                                                          yet when he taketh the evil from off you, behold, a part of you give a companion unto their Lord,
                                                                                                          55
                                                                                                          to shew their ingratitude for the favours we have bestowed on them. Delight yourselves in the enjoyments of this life: but hereafter shall ye know that ye cannot escape the divine vengeance.
                                                                                                          56
                                                                                                          And they set apart unto idols which have no knowledge
                                                                                                          c
                                                                                                          Note [original edition] : Idols which have no knowledge;] Or, which they know not; foolishly imagining that they have power to help them, or interest with God to intercede for them.
                                                                                                          As to the ancient Arabs setting apart a certain portion of the produce of their lands for their idols, and their superstitions abstaining from the use of certain cattle, in honour to the same, See chap. 5. p. 96, and chap. 6. p. 113, and the notes there.
                                                                                                            , a part of the food which we have provided for them. By God, ye shall surely be called to account for that which ye have falsely devised.
                                                                                                            57
                                                                                                            They attribute daughters unto God
                                                                                                            d
                                                                                                            Note [original edition] : See the Prelim. Disc. p. 17. Al Beidâwi says, that the tribes of Khozâah and Kenâna, in particular, used to call the angels the daughters of God.
                                                                                                              (far be it from him!) but unto themselves children of the sex which they desire
                                                                                                              e
                                                                                                              Note [original edition] : Of the sex which they desire;] viz. Sons: for the birth of a daughter was looked on as a kind of misfortune among the Arabs; and they often used to put them to death by burying them alive2.
                                                                                                              • 2 See chap. 81.
                                                                                                              .
                                                                                                              58
                                                                                                              And when any of them is told the news of the birth of a female, his face becometh black
                                                                                                              f
                                                                                                              Note [original edition] : His face becometh black;] i.e. Clouded with confusion and sorrow.
                                                                                                                , and he is deeply afflicted:
                                                                                                                59
                                                                                                                he hideth himself from the people, because of the ill tidings which have been told him; considering within himself whether he shall keep it with disgrace, or whether he shall bury it in the dust. Do they not make an ill judgment?
                                                                                                                60
                                                                                                                Unto those who believe not in the next life, the similitude of evil ought to be applied, and unto God the most sublime similitude
                                                                                                                g
                                                                                                                Note [original edition] : This passage condemns the Meccans’ injudicious and blasphemous application of such circumstances to God as were unworthy of him, and not only derogatory to the perfections of the Deity, but even disgraceful to man; while they arrogantly applied the more honourable circumstances to themselves.
                                                                                                                  : for he is mighty and wise.
                                                                                                                  61
                                                                                                                  If God should punish men for their iniquity,
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                                                                                                                  he would not leave on the earth any moving thing: but he giveth them respite unto an appointed time; and when their time shall come, they shall not be respited an hour, neither shall their punishment be anticipated.
                                                                                                                  62
                                                                                                                  They attribute unto God that which they dislike themselves
                                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : They attribute unto God that which they dislike themselves;] By giving him daughters, and associates in power and honour; by disregarding his messengers; and by setting apart the better share of the presents and offerings for their idols, and the worse for him1.
                                                                                                                  • 1 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                                  , and their tongues utter a lie; namely, that the reward of paradise is for them. There is no doubt but that the fire of hell is prepared for them, and that they shall be sent thither before the rest of the wicked.
                                                                                                                  63
                                                                                                                  By God, we have heretofore sent messengers unto the nations before thee: but Satan prepared their works for them; he was their patron in this world
                                                                                                                  b
                                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : He was their patron in this world,] Or, He is the patron of them (viz. the Koreish) this day, &c.
                                                                                                                    , and in that which is to come they shall suffer a grievous torment.
                                                                                                                    64
                                                                                                                    We have not sent down the book of the Koran unto thee, for any other purpose, than that thou shouldest declare unto them that truth concerning which they disagree; and for a direction and mercy unto people who believe.
                                                                                                                    65
                                                                                                                    God sendeth down water from heaven, and causeth the earth to revive after it hath been dead. Verily herein is a sign of the resurrection unto people who hearken.
                                                                                                                    66
                                                                                                                    Ye have also in cattle an example of instruction: we give you to drink of that which is in their bellies, a liquor between digested dregs, and blood
                                                                                                                    c
                                                                                                                    Note [original edition] : A liquor between digested dregs, and blood;] The milk consisting of certain particles of the blood, supplied from the finer parts of the ailment. Ebn Abbas says, that the grosser parts of the food subside into excrement, and that the finer parts are converted into milk, and the finest of all into blood.
                                                                                                                      ; namely, pure milk
                                                                                                                      d
                                                                                                                      Note [original edition] : Pure milk;] Having neither the colour of the blood, nor the smell of the excrements.
                                                                                                                        , which is swallowed with pleasure by those who drink it.
                                                                                                                        67
                                                                                                                        And of the fruits of palm-trees, and of grapes, ye obtain an inebriating liquor, and also good nourishment
                                                                                                                        e
                                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : And of the fruits of palm-trees and of grapes, ye obtain an inebriating liquor, and also good nourishment;] Not only wine, which is forbidden, but also lawful food, as dates, raisins, a kind of honey flowing from the dates, and vinegar.
                                                                                                                        Some have supposed that these words allow the moderate use of wine; but the contrary is the received opinion2.
                                                                                                                        • 2 See chap. 2. p. 25.
                                                                                                                        . Verily herein is a sign unto people who understand.
                                                                                                                        68
                                                                                                                        Thy Lord spake by inspiration unto the bee, saying, Provide thee houses
                                                                                                                        f
                                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : Houses;] So the apartments which the bee builds are here called, because of their beautiful workmanship, and admirable contrivance, which no geometrician can excel3.
                                                                                                                        • 3 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                                        in the mountains, and in the trees, and of those materials wherewith men build hives for thee:
                                                                                                                        69
                                                                                                                        then eat of every kind of fruit, and walk in the beaten paths of thy Lord
                                                                                                                        g
                                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : And walk in the beaten paths of thy Lord;] i.e. The ways through which, by God’s power, the bitter flowers passing the bee’s stomach become money; or, the methods of making honey, which he has taught her by instinct; or else the ready way home from the distant places to which that insect flies4.
                                                                                                                        • 4 Idem.
                                                                                                                        . There proceedeth from their bellies a liquor of various colour
                                                                                                                        h
                                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : A liquor of various colour;] viz. Honey; the colour of which is very different, occasioned by the different plants on which the bees feed; some being white, some yellow, some red, and some black5.
                                                                                                                        • 5 Idem.
                                                                                                                        ,
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                                                                                                                        wherein is a medicine for men
                                                                                                                        a
                                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : Wherein is a medicine for men;] The same being not only good food, but a useful remedy in several distempers, particularly those occasioned by phlegm. There is a story, that a man came once to Mohammed, and told him that his brother was afflicted with a violent pain in his belly: upon which the prophet bade him give him some honey. The fellow took his advice; but soon after coming again, told him that the medicine had done his brother no manner of service: Mohammed answered, Go and give him more honey, for God speaks truth, and thy brother’s belly lies. And the dose being repeated, the man, by God’s mercy, was immediately cured1.
                                                                                                                        • 1 Idem.
                                                                                                                        . Verily herein is a sign unto people who consider.
                                                                                                                        70
                                                                                                                        God hath created you, and he will hereafter cause you to die: and some of you shall have his life prolonged to a decrepit age, so that he shall forget whatever he knew; for God is wise and powerful.
                                                                                                                        71
                                                                                                                        God causeth some of you to excel others in worldly possessions: yet they who are caused to excel do not give their wealth unto the slaves whom their right hands possess, that they may become equal sharers therein
                                                                                                                        b
                                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : They give not their wealth unto their salves, &c.] These words reprove the idolatrous Meccans, who could admit created beings to a share of the divine honour, tho’ they suffered not their slaves to share with themselves to what God had bestowed on them2.
                                                                                                                        • 2 Idem.
                                                                                                                        . Do they therefore deny the beneficence of God?
                                                                                                                        72
                                                                                                                        God hath ordained you wives from among yourselves
                                                                                                                        c
                                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : From among your selves;] That is, of your own nations and tribes. Some think the formation of Eve from Adam is here intended.
                                                                                                                          , and of your wives hath granted you children and grand-children; and hath bestowed on you good things for food. Will they therefore believe in that which is vain, and ungratefully deny the goodness of God?
                                                                                                                          73
                                                                                                                          They worship, besides God, idols which possess nothing wherewith to sustain them, either in heaven, or on earth; and have no power.
                                                                                                                          74
                                                                                                                          Wherefore liken not any thing unto God
                                                                                                                          d
                                                                                                                          Note [original edition] : Liken not any thing unto God;] Or propound no similitudes or comparisons between him and his creatures. One argument the Meccans employed in defence of their idolatry, it seems, was, that the worship of inferior deities did honour to God; in the same manner as the respect shewed to the servants of a prince does honour to the prince himself3.
                                                                                                                          • 3 Idem.
                                                                                                                          : for God knoweth, but ye know not.
                                                                                                                          75
                                                                                                                          God propoundeth as a parable a possessed slave, who hath power over nothing, and him on whom we have bestowed a good provision from us, and who giveth alms thereout both secretly and openly
                                                                                                                          e
                                                                                                                          Note [original edition] : God propoundeth as a parable a possessed slave, &c.] The idols are here likened to a slave, who is so far from having anything of his own, that he is himself in the possession of another; whereas God is as a rich free man, who provideth for his family abundantly, and also assisteth others who have need, both in public, and in private4.
                                                                                                                          • 4 Idem, Jallalo’ddin.
                                                                                                                          : shall these two be esteemed equal? God forbid! But the greater part of men know it not.
                                                                                                                          76
                                                                                                                          God also propoundeth as a parable two men; one of them born dumb, who is unable to do or understand any thing, but is a burthen unto his master; whithersoever he shall send him, he shall not return with any good success: shall this man, and he who hath his speech and understanding, and who commandeth that which is just, and followeth the right way, be esteemed equal
                                                                                                                          f
                                                                                                                          Note [original edition] : God also propoundeth as a parable two men, &c.] The idol is here again represented under the image of one who, by a defect in his senses, is a useless burthen to the man who maintains him; and God, under that of a person completely qualified either to direct or to execute any useful undertaking. Some suppose the comparison is intended of a true believer and an infidel.
                                                                                                                            ?
                                                                                                                            77
                                                                                                                            Unto God alone is the secret of heaven and earth known. And the business of the last hour
                                                                                                                            g
                                                                                                                            Note [original edition] : The business of the last hour;] That is, The resurrection of the dead.
                                                                                                                              shall be only as
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                                                                                                                              the twinkling of an eye, or even more quick: for God is almighty.
                                                                                                                              78
                                                                                                                              God hath brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers; ye knew nothing, and he gave you the senses of hearing and seeing, and understandings, that ye might give thanks.
                                                                                                                              79
                                                                                                                              Do they not behold the fowls which are enabled to fly in the open firmament of heaven? none supporteth them except God. Verily herein are signs unto people who believe.
                                                                                                                              80
                                                                                                                              God hath also provided you houses for habitations for you; and hath also provided you tents of the skins of cattle, which ye find light to be removed on the day of your departure to new quarters, and easy to be pitched on the day of your sitting down therein: and of their wool, and their fur, and their hair hath he supplied you with furniture and household-stuff for a season.
                                                                                                                              81
                                                                                                                              And God hath provided for you, of that which he hath created, conveniences to shade you from the sun
                                                                                                                              a
                                                                                                                              Note [original edition] : Conveniences to shade you from the sun;] As trees, houses, tents, mountains, &c.
                                                                                                                                , and he hath also provided you places of retreat in the mountains
                                                                                                                                b
                                                                                                                                Note [original edition] : Places of retreat in the mountains;] viz. Caves and grotto’s, both natural and artificial.
                                                                                                                                  , and he hath given you garments to defend you from the heat
                                                                                                                                  c
                                                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : To defend you from the heat;] Al Beidâwi says, that one extream, and that the most insupportable in Arabia, is here put for both; but Jallalo’ddin supposes that by heat we are in this place to understand cold.
                                                                                                                                    , and coats of mail to defend you in your wars. Thus doth he accomplish his favour towards you, that ye may resign yourselves unto him.
                                                                                                                                    82
                                                                                                                                    But if they turn back, verily thy duty is public preaching only.
                                                                                                                                    83
                                                                                                                                    They acknowledge the goodness of God, and afterwards they deny the same
                                                                                                                                    d
                                                                                                                                    Note [original edition] : They acknowledge the goodness of God, and afterwards they deny the same;] Confessing God to be the author of all the blessings they enjoy; and yet directing their worship and thanks to their idols, by whose intercession they imagine blessings are obtained.
                                                                                                                                      ; but the greater part of them are unbelievers
                                                                                                                                      e
                                                                                                                                      Note [original edition] : But the greater part of them are unbelievers;] Absolutely denying God’s providence, either through ignorance, or perverseness.
                                                                                                                                        .
                                                                                                                                        84
                                                                                                                                        On a certain day we will raise a witness out of every nation
                                                                                                                                        f
                                                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : See chap. 4. p. 66. not. e.
                                                                                                                                          : then they who shall have been unbelievers shall not be suffered to excuse themselves, neither shall they be received into favour.
                                                                                                                                          85
                                                                                                                                          And when they who shall have acted unjustly shall see the torment prepared for them; (it shall not be mitigated unto them, neither shall they be respited;)
                                                                                                                                          86
                                                                                                                                          and when those who shall have been guilty of idolatry shall see their false gods
                                                                                                                                          g
                                                                                                                                          Note [original edition] : The false gods;] Literally, Their companions.
                                                                                                                                            , they shall say, O Lord, these are our idols which we invoked, besides thee. But they shall return an answer unto them, saying, Verily ye are liars
                                                                                                                                            h
                                                                                                                                            Note [original edition] : Ye are liars;] For that we are not the companions of God, as ye imagined; neither did ye really serve us, but your own corrupt affections and lusts; nor yet were ye led into idolatry by us, but ye fell into it of your own accord1.
                                                                                                                                            • 1 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                                                            .
                                                                                                                                            87
                                                                                                                                            And on that day shall the wicked offer submission unto God; and the false deities which they imagined shall abandon them.
                                                                                                                                            88
                                                                                                                                            As for those who shall have been infidels, and shall have turned aside others from the way of God, we will add unto them punishment upon punishment because they have corrupted others.
                                                                                                                                            89
                                                                                                                                            On a certain day we will raise up in every nation a witness against them, from among themselves; and we will bring thee, O Mohammed, as a witness against these Arabians. We have sent down unto thee the book of the
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                                                                                                                                            Koran, for an explication of everything necessary both as to faith and practice, and a direction, and mercy, and good tidings unto the Moslems.
                                                                                                                                            90
                                                                                                                                            Verily God commandeth justice, and the doing of good, and the giving unto kindred what shall be necessary; and he forbiddeth wickedness, and iniquity, and oppression: he admonisheth you that ye may remember
                                                                                                                                            a
                                                                                                                                            Note [original edition] : This verse, which was the occasion of the conversion of Othmân Ebn Matûn, the commentators say, containeth the whole which it is a man’s duty either to perform or to avoid; and is alone a sufficient demonstration of what is said in the foregoing verse. Under the three things here commanded, they understand the belief of God’s unity, without inclining to atheism, on the one hand, or polytheism, on the other; obedience to the commands of God; and charity towards those in distress. And under the three things forbidden, they comprehend all corrupt and carnal affections; all false doctrines and heretical opinions; and all injustice towards man1.
                                                                                                                                            • 1 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                                                            .
                                                                                                                                            91
                                                                                                                                            Perform your covenant with God
                                                                                                                                            b
                                                                                                                                            Note [original edition] : Perform your covenant with God;] By persevering in his true religion. Some think that the oath of fidelity taken to Mohammed by his followers is chiefly intended here.
                                                                                                                                              , when ye enter into covenant with him; and violate not your oaths, after the ratification thereof; since ye have made God a witness over you. Verily God knoweth that which ye do.
                                                                                                                                              92
                                                                                                                                              And be not like unto her who undoeth that which she hath spun, untwisting it after she hath twisted it strongly
                                                                                                                                              c
                                                                                                                                              Note [original edition] : Be not like her who undoeth that which she hath spun, &c.] Some suppose that a particular woman is meant in this passage, who used (like Penelope) to undo at night the work that she had done in the day. Her name, they say, was Reita Bint Saad Ebn Teym, of the tribe of Koreish 2.
                                                                                                                                              • 2 Idem.
                                                                                                                                              ; taking your oaths between you deceitfully, because one party is more numerous than another party
                                                                                                                                              d
                                                                                                                                              Note [original edition] : Taking your oaths deceitfully, because one party is more numerous than another;] Of this insincerity in their alliances the Koreish are accused; it being usual with them, when they saw the enemies of their confederates to be superior in force, to renounce their league with their old friends, and strike up one with the others3.
                                                                                                                                              • 3 Idem.
                                                                                                                                              . Verily God only tempteth you therein; and he will make that manifest unto you, on the day of resurrection, concerning which ye now disagree.
                                                                                                                                              93
                                                                                                                                              If God had pleased, he would surely have made you one people
                                                                                                                                              e
                                                                                                                                              Note [original edition] : One people;} Or, of one religion.
                                                                                                                                                : but he will lead into error whom he pleaseth, and he will direct whom he pleaseth; and ye shall surely give an account of that which ye have done.
                                                                                                                                                94
                                                                                                                                                Therefore take not your oaths between you deceitfully lest your foot slip, after it hath been steadfastly fixed, and ye taste evil in this life, for that ye have turned aside from the way of God; and ye suffer a grievous punishment in the life to come.
                                                                                                                                                95
                                                                                                                                                And sell not the covenant of God for a small price
                                                                                                                                                f
                                                                                                                                                Note [original edition] : Sell not the covenant of God for a small price;} That is, Be not prevailed on to renounce your religion, or your engagements with your prophet, by any promises or gifts of the infidels. For, it seems, the Koreish, to tempt the poorer Moslems to apostatize, made them offers, not very considerable indeed, but such as they imagined might be worth their acceptance4.
                                                                                                                                                • 4 Idem.
                                                                                                                                                ; for with God is a better recompense prepared for you, if ye be men of understanding.
                                                                                                                                                96
                                                                                                                                                That which is with you will fail; but that which is with God is permanent: and we will surely reward those who shall persevere, according to the utmost merit of their actions.
                                                                                                                                                97
                                                                                                                                                Whoso worketh righteousness, whether he be male or female, and is a true believer, we will surely raise him to a happy life; and we will give them their reward, according to the utmost merit of their actions.
                                                                                                                                                98
                                                                                                                                                When thou readest the Koran, have recourse unto God, that he may preserve thee from
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                                                                                                                                                Satan driven away with stones
                                                                                                                                                a
                                                                                                                                                Note [original edition] : When thou readest the Korân, have recourse unto God, &c.] Mohammed one day reading in the Korân, uttered a horrid blasphemy, to the great scandal of those who were present, as will be observed in another place1; to excuse which he assured them that those words were put into his mouth by the devil; and to prevent any such accident for the future, he is here taught to beg God’s protection before he entered on that duty2. Hence the Mohammedans, before they begin to read any part of this book, repeat these words, I have recourse unto God for assistance against Satan driven away with stones.
                                                                                                                                                • 1 In not. ad cap. 22.
                                                                                                                                                • 2 Jallalo’ddin, Al Beidawi, Yahya, &c.
                                                                                                                                                ;
                                                                                                                                                99
                                                                                                                                                he hath no power over those who believe, and who put confidence in their Lord;
                                                                                                                                                100
                                                                                                                                                but his power is over those only who take him for their patron, and who give companions unto God.
                                                                                                                                                101
                                                                                                                                                When we substitute in the Koran an abrogating verse in lieu of a verse abrogated, (and God best knoweth the fitness of that which he revealeth,) the infidels say, Thou art only a forger of these verses: but the greater part of them know not truth from falsehood.
                                                                                                                                                102
                                                                                                                                                Say, The holy spirit
                                                                                                                                                b
                                                                                                                                                Note [original edition] : The holy spirit;] viz. Gabriel. See chap. 2. p. 12.
                                                                                                                                                  hath brought the same down from thy Lord with truth; that he may confirm those who believe, and for a direction and good tidings unto the Moslems.
                                                                                                                                                  103
                                                                                                                                                  We also know that they say, Verily, a certain man teacheth him to compose the Koran. The tongue of the person unto whom they incline is a foreign tongue; but this, wherein the Koran is written, is the perspicuous Arabic tongue
                                                                                                                                                  c
                                                                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : A certain man teacheth him, &c.] This was a great objection made by the Meccans to the authority of the Korân; for when Mohammed insisted, as a proof of its divine original, that it was impossible a man so utterly unacquainted with learning as himself could compose such a book, they replied, that he had one or more assistants in the forgery; but as to the particular person or persons suspected of this confederacy, the traditions differ. One says it was Jabar, a Greek, servant to Amer Ebn al Hadrami, who could read and write well3; another, that they were Jabar and Yesâr, two slaves who followed the trade of sword-cutlers at Mecca, and used to read the pentateuch and gospel, and had often Mohammed for their auditor, when he passed that way4. Another tells us, it was one Aïsh, or Yâïsh, a domestic of al Haweiteb Ebn Abd al Uzza, who was a man of some learning, and had embraced Mohammedism 5. Another supposes it was one Kais, a Christian, whose house Mohammed frequented6; another, that it was Addâs, a servant of Otba Ebn Rabîa 7; and another, that it was Salmân the Persian 8.
                                                                                                                                                  According to some Christian writers9, Abdallah Ebn Salâm, the Jew who was so intimate with Mohammed (named by one, according to the Hebrew dialect, Abdias Ben Salon and by another, Abdala Celen), was assisting to him in the compiling his pretended revelations. This Jew Dr. Prideaux confounds with Salmân the Persian, who was a very different man, as a late author 10 has observed before me; wherefore, and for that we may have occasion to speak of Salmân hereafter, it may be proper to add a brief extract of his story as told by himself. He was of a good family of Ispahan, and, in his younger years, left the religion of his country to embrace Christianity; and travelling into Syria, was advised by a certain monk of Amuria to go into Arabia, where a prophet was expected to arise about that time, who should establish the religion of Abraham; and whom he should know, among other things, by the seal of prophecy between his shoulders. Salmân performed the journey, and meeting with Mohammed at Koba, where he rested in his flight to Medina, soon found him to be the person he sought, and professed Islâm 11.
                                                                                                                                                  The general opinion of the Christians, however is, that the chief help Mohammed had in the contriving his Korân, was from a Nestorian monk named Sergius, supposed to be the same person with the monk Boheira, with whom Mohammed in his younger years had some conference, at Bosra, a city of Syria Damascena, where that monk resided1. To confirm which supposition, a passage has been produced from an Arab writer2, who says that Boheira’s name in the books of the Christians, is Sergius; but this is only a conjecture; and another 3 tells us, his true name was Saïd, or Felix, and his surname Boheira. But be that as it will, if Boheira and Sergius were the same man, I find not the least intimation in the Mohammedan writers that he ever quitted his monastery to go into Arabia (as is supposed by the Christians); and his acquaintance with Mohammed at Bosra was too early to favour the surmise of his assisting him in the Korân, which was composed long after; tho’ Mohammed might, from his discourse, gain some knowledge of Christianity and of the scriptures, which might be of use to him therein.
                                                                                                                                                  From the answer given in this passage of the Korân to the objection of the infidels, viz. that the person suspected by them to have a hand in the Korân spoke a foreign language, and therefore could not, with any face of probability, be supposed to assist in a composition written in the Arabic tongue, and with so great elegance, it is plain this person was no Arabian. The word Ajami, which is here used, signifies any foreign or barbarous language in general; but the Arabs applying it more particularly to the Persian, it has been thence concluded by some that Salmân was the person; however, if it be true that he came not to Mohammed till after the Hejra, either he could not be the man here intended, or else this verse must have been revealed at Medina, contrary to the common opinion.
                                                                                                                                                  • 3 Al Zamakhshari, Al Beidawi, Yahya.
                                                                                                                                                  • 4 Al Zamakh. Al Beidawi. See Prid. Life of Mah. p. 32.
                                                                                                                                                  • 5 Iidem.
                                                                                                                                                  • 6 Jallalo’ddin.
                                                                                                                                                  • 7 Al Zamakh. Yahya.
                                                                                                                                                  • 8 Al Zamakh. Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                                                                  • 9 Ricardi Confut. Legis Saracenicæ, c. 13. Joh. Andreas, de Confus. Sectæ Mahometanæ, c. 2. See Prid. Life of Mah. p. 33, 34.
                                                                                                                                                  • 10 Gagnier not. in Abulf. vit. Moh. p. 74.
                                                                                                                                                  • 11 Ex Ebn Ishak. V. Gagnier, ibid.
                                                                                                                                                  • 1 See Prid. ubi sup. p. 35, &c. Gagnier, ubi sup. p. 10, 11. Marrac. de Alcor. p. 37.
                                                                                                                                                  • 2 Al Masudi.
                                                                                                                                                  • 3 Abu’l Hasan al Becri in Koran.
                                                                                                                                                  .
                                                                                                                                                  104
                                                                                                                                                  Moreover as for
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                                                                                                                                                  those who believe not the signs of God, God will not direct them, and they shall suffer a painful torment:
                                                                                                                                                  105
                                                                                                                                                  verily they imagine a falsehood who believe not in the signs of God, and they are really the liars.
                                                                                                                                                  106
                                                                                                                                                  Whoever denieth God, after he hath believed, except him who shall be compelled against his will, and whose heart continueth steadfast in the faith, shall be severely chastised
                                                                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : Except him who shall be compelled against his will, &c.] These words were added for the sake of Ammâr Ebn Yaser, and some others, who being taken and tortured by the Koreish, renounced their faith out of fear, tho’ their hearts agreed not with their mouths4. It seems Ammâr wanted the constancy of his father and mother, Yâser, and Sommeya, who underwent the like trial at the same time with their son, and resolutely refusing to recant, were both put to death, the infidels tying Sommeya between two camels, and striking a lance through her privy parts5. When news was brought to Mohammed, that Ammâr had denied the faith, he said, it could not be, for that Ammâr was full of faith from the crown of his head to the sole of his foot, faith being mixed and incorporated with his very flesh and blood; and when Ammâr himself came weeping to the prophet, he wiped his eyes, saying, What fault was it of thine, if they forced thee?
                                                                                                                                                  But tho’ it be here said, that those who apostatize in appearance only, to avoid death or torments, may hope for pardon from God, yet it is unanimously agreed by the Mohammedan doctors, to be much more meritorious and pleasing in the sight of God, courageously and nobly to persist in the true faith, and rather to suffer death itself than renounce it, even in words. Nor did the Mohammedan religion want its martyrs, in the strict sense of the word; of which I will here give two instances, besides the above-mentioned. One is that of Khobaib Ebn Ada, who being perfidiously sold to the Koreish, was by them put to death in a cruel manner, by mutilation, and cutting off his flesh piecemeal; and being asked, in the midst of his tortures, whether he did not wish Mohammed was in his place, answered, I would not wish to be with my family, my substance, and my children, on condition that Mohammed was only to be pricked with a thorn 6. The other is that of a man who was put to death by Moseilama, on the following occasion. That false prophet having taken two of Mohammed’s followers, asked one of them, what he said of Mohammed? the man answered, That he was the apostle of God: And what sayest thou of me? added Moseilama; to which he replied, Thou also art the apostle of God; whereupon he was immediately dismissed in safety. But the other, having returned the same answer to the former question, refused to give any to the last, tho’ required to do it three several times, but pretended to be deaf, and was therefore slain. It is related that Mohammed, when the story of these two men was told him, said, The first of them threw himself on Gods mercy; but the latter professed the truth; and he shall find his account in it 1.
                                                                                                                                                  • 4 Al Beidawi, Al Zamakh. Yahya.
                                                                                                                                                  • 5 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                                                                  • 6 Ebn Shohnah.
                                                                                                                                                  • 1 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                                                                  : but whoever shall voluntarily profess infidelity, on those
                                                                                                                                                  Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                                                  shall the indignation of God fall, and they shall suffer a grievous punishment.
                                                                                                                                                  107
                                                                                                                                                  This shall be their sentence, because they have loved the present life above that which is to come, and for that God directeth not the unbelieving people.
                                                                                                                                                  108
                                                                                                                                                  These are they whose hearts, and hearing, and sight, God hath sealed up; and these are the negligent:
                                                                                                                                                  109
                                                                                                                                                  there is no doubt but that in the next life they shall perish.
                                                                                                                                                  110
                                                                                                                                                  Moreover thy Lord will be favorable unto those who have fled their country, after having suffered persecution
                                                                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : Those who have fled their country, after having suffered persecution, &c.] As did Ammâr, who made one in both the flights. Some, reading the verb with different vowels, render the last words, after having persecuted the true believers; and instance in al Hadrami, who obliged a servant of his to renounce Mohammedism, by force, but afterwards, together with that servant professed the same faith, and fled for it2.
                                                                                                                                                  • 2 Idem.
                                                                                                                                                  , and had been compelled to deny the faith by violence, and who have since fought in defence of the true religion, and have persevered with patience; verily unto these will thy Lord be gracious and merciful, after they shall have shown their sincerity.
                                                                                                                                                  111
                                                                                                                                                  On a certain day shall every soul come to plead it self
                                                                                                                                                  b
                                                                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : Every soul shall come to plead it self;] That is, Every person shall be solicitous for his own salvation, not concerning himself with the condition of another, but crying out, My own soul, my own soul 3!
                                                                                                                                                  • 3 Idem.
                                                                                                                                                  , and every soul shall be repaid that which it shall have wrought; and they shall not be treated unjustly.
                                                                                                                                                  112
                                                                                                                                                  God propoundeth as a parable a city
                                                                                                                                                  c
                                                                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : God propoundeth as a parable a city, &c.] This example is applied to every city which having received great blessings from God, becometh insolent and unthankful, and is therefore chastised by some signal judgment; or rather to Mecca in particular, on which the calamities threatened in this passage, viz. both famine and sword, were inflicted4.
                                                                                                                                                  • 4 Idem.
                                                                                                                                                  which was secure and quiet, unto which her provisions came in abundance from every side; but she ungratefully denied the favour of God: wherefore God caused her to taste the extreme famine, and fear, because of that which they had done.
                                                                                                                                                  113
                                                                                                                                                  And now is an apostle come unto the inhabitants of Mecca from among themselves; and they accuse him of imposture: wherefore a punishment shall be inflicted on them, while they are acting unjustly.
                                                                                                                                                  114
                                                                                                                                                  Eat of what God hath given you for food, that which is lawful and good; and be thankful for the favours of God, if ye serve him.
                                                                                                                                                  115
                                                                                                                                                  He hath only forbidden you that which dieth of itself, and blood, and swine’s flesh, and that which hath been slain in the name of any, besides God
                                                                                                                                                  d
                                                                                                                                                  Note [original edition] : See chap. 5. p. 82.
                                                                                                                                                    . But unto him who shall be compelled by necessity to eat of these things, not lusting nor wilfully transgressing, God will surely be gracious and merciful.
                                                                                                                                                    116
                                                                                                                                                    And say not that wherein your tongues utter a lie; This is lawful, and this is unlawful
                                                                                                                                                    e
                                                                                                                                                    Note [original edition] : And say not - This is lawful, and this is unlawful;] Allowing what God hath forbidden, and superstitiously abstaining from what he hath allowed. See chap. 6. p. 113, &c.
                                                                                                                                                      ; that ye may devise a lie concerning God: for they who devise concerning God shall not prosper.
                                                                                                                                                      117
                                                                                                                                                      They shall have small enjoyment in this world, and in that which is to come they shall suffer a grievous torment.
                                                                                                                                                      118
                                                                                                                                                      Unto the Jews did we forbid that which we have told thee formally
                                                                                                                                                      f
                                                                                                                                                      Note [original edition] : Formerly;] viz. In the 6th chapter. p. 114.
                                                                                                                                                        : and we did them no injury in that respect; but they injured
                                                                                                                                                        Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                                                        their own souls
                                                                                                                                                        a
                                                                                                                                                        Note [original edition] : They injured their own souls;] i.e. They were forbidden things which were in themselves indifferent, as a punishment for their wickedness and rebellion.
                                                                                                                                                          .
                                                                                                                                                          119
                                                                                                                                                          Moreover thy Lord will be favorable unto those who do evil through ignorance, and afterwards repent and amend: verily unto these will thy Lord be gracious and merciful, after their repentance.
                                                                                                                                                          120
                                                                                                                                                          Abraham was a model of true religion, obedient unto God, orthodox, and was not an idolater
                                                                                                                                                          b
                                                                                                                                                          Note [original edition] : And was not an idolater;] This was to reprehend the idolatrous Koreish, who pretended that they professed the religion of Abraham.
                                                                                                                                                            :
                                                                                                                                                            121
                                                                                                                                                            he was also grateful for his benefits: wherefore God chose him, and directed him into the right way.
                                                                                                                                                            122
                                                                                                                                                            And we bestowed on him good in this world; and in the next he shall surely be one of the righteous.
                                                                                                                                                            123
                                                                                                                                                            We have also spoken unto thee, O Mohammed, by revelation, saying, Follow the religion of Abraham, who was orthodox, and was no idolater.
                                                                                                                                                            124
                                                                                                                                                            The sabbath was only appointed unto those who differed with their prophet concerning it
                                                                                                                                                            c
                                                                                                                                                            Note [original edition] : Who differed with their prophet concerning it;] These were the Jews; who being ordered by Moses to set apart Friday (the day now observed by the Mohammedans) for the exercise of divine worship, refused it, and chose the sabbath-day, because on that day God rested from his works of creation: for which reason they were commanded to keep the day they had chosen in the strictest manner1.
                                                                                                                                                            • 1 Idem, Jallalo’ddin.
                                                                                                                                                            ; and thy Lord will surely judge between them, on the day of resurrection, as to that concerning which they differed.
                                                                                                                                                            125
                                                                                                                                                            Invite men unto the way of thy Lord, by wisdom, and mild exhortation; and dispute with them in the most condescending manner: for thy Lord well knoweth him who strayeth from his path, and he well knoweth those who are rightly directed.
                                                                                                                                                            126
                                                                                                                                                            If ye take vengeance on any, take a vengeance proportionable to the wrong which hath been done you
                                                                                                                                                            d
                                                                                                                                                            Note [original edition] : If ye take vengeance, &c.] This passage is supposed to have been revealed at Medina, on occasion of Hamza, Mohammed’s uncle, being slain at the battle of Ohod. For the infidels having abused his dead body, by taking out his bowels, and cutting off his ears and his nose, when Mohammed saw it, he swore that if God granted him success, he would retaliate those cruelties on seventy of the Koreish; but he was by these words forbidden to execute what he had sworn, and he accordingly made void his oath2. Abu’lfeda makes the number on which Mohammed swore to reek his vengeance to be but thirty3: but it may be observed, by the way, that the translator renders the passage in that author, God hath revealed unto me that I shall retaliate, &c., instead of, If God grant me victory over the Koreish, I will retaliate, &c., reading Laïn adhharni, for adhfarni; God, far from putting this design into the prophet’s head by a revelation, expressly forbidding him to put it in execution.
                                                                                                                                                            • 2 Idem.
                                                                                                                                                            • 3 Abu’lf. Vit. Moh. p. 68.
                                                                                                                                                            ; but if ye suffer wrong patiently, verily this will be better for the patient
                                                                                                                                                            e
                                                                                                                                                            Note [original edition] : The patient;] Here, says al Beidâwi, the Korân principally points at Mohammed, who was of all men the most conspicuous for meekness and clemency.
                                                                                                                                                              .
                                                                                                                                                              127
                                                                                                                                                              Wherefore, do thou bear opposition with patience; but thy patience shall not be practicable, unless with God’s assistance. And be thou not grieved on account of the unbelievers; neither be thou troubled for that which they subtilely devise;
                                                                                                                                                              128
                                                                                                                                                              for God is with those who fear him, and are upright.
                                                                                                                                                              ←|→
                                                                                                                                                              Postnikov ?, 1716Context
                                                                                                                                                              X
                                                                                                                                                              ГЛАВА О ПЧЕЛЕ.
                                                                                                                                                              СОДЕРЖИТ СТО ДВАДЕСЯТЬ ОСМЬ СТИХОВ, ПИСАННЫХ В МЕККЕ.
                                                                                                                                                              Во имя бога щедраго и милостиваго,
                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                                                              наказание божие недалеко есть. не желаи напред времени, да будет хвала богу. он не имеет товарища.
                                                                                                                                                              2
                                                                                                                                                              посла ангелов, и посла благодать тем, кто ему годен есть. проповедуите его всемогущество и труд адскои неверным. и несть инаго бога токмо он. боитеся его,
                                                                                                                                                              3
                                                                                                                                                              он сотвори небеса и землю, он есть всемогущии, нежели ваши идолы.
                                                                                                                                                              4
                                                                                                                                                              Он сотвори человека от блата земли, обаче он непослуша его в своем упрямстве.
                                                                                                                                                              5
                                                                                                                                                              Он сотвори скоты чистыя, ради употребления вашего.
                                                                                                                                                              6
                                                                                                                                                              всем вам показа превеликую прибыль, и великое доволство, да бы вам одеятися. вы видите милость его, како он угождает. Он восприимает вся, что вы хощете.
                                                                                                                                                              7
                                                                                                                                                              не можете вы снести ничего без него, токмо с превеликим трудом. бог есть щедрыи и милостивыи вам.
                                                                                                                                                              8
                                                                                                                                                              он сотвори кони, лоси, ослы, которые вас могут возити. он сотвори многие изрядные вещи о которых еще вы неизвестны.
                                                                                                                                                              9
                                                                                                                                                              он показует правыи путь сим, которые слушают заповедеи его. аще бы он восхотел, то бы всех на путь закона своего привлекл,
                                                                                                                                                              10
                                                                                                                                                              он посла дождь с небеси, да бы удоволствовати алчущих, и да бы произвести овощие и древеса, которые бы вас насыщали.
                                                                                                                                                              11
                                                                                                                                                              он произведе оливы гроздие, и всякое овощие. сия вся суть от его единства тем которые разполагают о том.
                                                                                                                                                              12
                                                                                                                                                              он сотвори нощ, луну, звезды, которые движутца по воле своеи, сии знаки суть от его великого божества. тем, которые воле его последуют.
                                                                                                                                                              13
                                                                                                                                                              он сотвори вся что есть на земли от разных цветов роды,
                                                                                                                                                              14
                                                                                                                                                              он сотвори море ради рыб. жемчюг и всякие разные камения, ради украшения вам. ты видиши како карабли плавают на водах, и защищаютца от волнения ради ваших купеческих прибылеи, надеюся что вы будете благодарить богу за милости его.
                                                                                                                                                              15
                                                                                                                                                              он возвыси горы ради укрепления земли, и да бы препятствовати движению. созижде реки и пути ради хождения,
                                                                                                                                                              16
                                                                                                                                                              сотвори звезды ради пути показания на море, и горы да бы познать, день вашего пути.
                                                                                                                                                              17
                                                                                                                                                              кто может иныи сотворит, что сотворит бог ; не будете вы мыслит никогда о том.
                                                                                                                                                              18
                                                                                                                                                              несть вашея возможности, да бы содержати исчисление милости его. он есть всещедрыи и всемилосердыи.
                                                                                                                                                              19
                                                                                                                                                              он весть таину сердец ваших.
                                                                                                                                                              20
                                                                                                                                                              идоли которым вы молитеся не могут сотворити ничего,
                                                                                                                                                              21
                                                                                                                                                              понеже они вещи суть созданныя, мертвыя бездвижения, и никто незнает что в которои час весь свет воскреснет.
                                                                                                                                                              22
                                                                                                                                                              ваш бог есть един бог. аще которые не веруют в конец света, которые уничтоживают его единство,
                                                                                                                                                              23
                                                                                                                                                              которые хвалятца их лживым созданием, суть ненавидими от его единаго божества.
                                                                                                                                                              24
                                                                                                                                                              когда вопросят их что бог повеле Магомету ; они отвещают, что не повествует инаго, токмо фаболы старыя.
                                                                                                                                                              25
                                                                                                                                                              но за сие они будут ответствовать в день судныи, и принесут лжи, которыя отводят их с правого пути,
                                                                                                                                                              26
                                                                                                                                                              и непознали его, и которые были прежде их лжецы. бог превращает их жилища, погибель паде на ни, и наказует, когда они о том думают.
                                                                                                                                                              27
                                                                                                                                                              и постыдит их в день судныи. и вопросит их : где суть ваши идоли, о которых истязовались противу правоверных. которые знали приказание божие, уверяю, что безчестие и стыд будет на лицех неверных.
                                                                                                                                                              28
                                                                                                                                                              ибо ангели умертвят их за их скверныя грехи. рекут во время смерти своея, что они веруют в бога, и воспокаются о гресех своих. бог весть что они сотворили,
                                                                                                                                                              29
                                                                                                                                                              и повелит им внити во ад, где жилище есть нечестивых.
                                                                                                                                                              30
                                                                                                                                                              он повелит сим, которые имеют страх пред очима своима, внити в дом вечныи
                                                                                                                                                              31
                                                                                                                                                              во град эдем, где стекаютца многие реки, и будут жить
                                                                                                                                                              32
                                                                                                                                                              во веки со всяким удоволствованием.
                                                                                                                                                              33
                                                                                                                                                              злыя пребудут ли во свих гресех до того времяни, когда ангелы их умертвят, или до дне суднаго ; оное сотворено бысть сим, которые были прежде сих. бог не сотвори им неправду, но они сами над собою сотворили всякую неправость,
                                                                                                                                                              34
                                                                                                                                                              и за то быша наказани, и услышали наказание, что они уничтожили.
                                                                                                                                                              35
                                                                                                                                                              убо и рекли : аще бы бог хотел, наши бы отцы и мы не молилися иному, токмо единому ему. убо рекли их главные пророки : не должни творити иное, токмо проповедати и учити народ.
                                                                                                                                                              36
                                                                                                                                                              послали пророка во всякую страну особливого, да бы научити и повелевати, чтоб молилися единому богу, и отъстати от молитвы тагота, и идолов. бог произвел из них некоторых на правыи путь, а иные отпали сего.
                                                                                                                                                              37
                                                                                                                                                              разсудите какии конец есть злым. аще ты будеш старатися, да бы привести их направыи путь, и потеряеши свое время, но бог не производит тех, которые хотят отпасти, и будут оные лишены защищения в день судныи.
                                                                                                                                                              38
                                                                                                                                                              они божилися что бог не воскресит мертвых. но он их воскресит, токмо ради мучения по своему обещанию, и болшая часть в человецех незнают его.
                                                                                                                                                              39
                                                                                                                                                              аще бы они знали, то бы они познали свои грехи. нечестивые познаша свое дерзновение.
                                                                                                                                                              41
                                                                                                                                                              которые же отдалилися от нечестивых любви ради господа своего, и пожеланию своему
                                                                                                                                                              40
                                                                                                                                                              аще что восхотели глаголюще да будет, и бысть пожеланию их тако.
                                                                                                                                                              41
                                                                                                                                                              и которые воспокаялися, будут награждены в сем свете и в будущем, аще они в знании его утверждени суще,
                                                                                                                                                              42
                                                                                                                                                              восприимают обиды от неверных, надеющеся на Господа своего, будут иметь возмездие, по своему желанию.
                                                                                                                                                              43
                                                                                                                                                              мы не послали прежде сего иных, токмо человец, да бы проповедати наш закон. требуите ведения от сих, которые знают законное писание, аще неесть сие правдиво ;
                                                                                                                                                              44
                                                                                                                                                              послахом ти алкоран, да бы показал наше приказание человеком. может быть что они бы то восприяли.
                                                                                                                                                              45
                                                                                                                                                              земля не произведет тем плодов, которые будут противни пророку,
                                                                                                                                                              46
                                                                                                                                                              они будут наказаны. аще они о том помыслят ;
                                                                                                                                                              47
                                                                                                                                                              бог накажет их, и не отбегут от наказания его, и истоищит имение мало по малу пред очима их. бог есть щедрыи и милостивыи токмо тем, которые его чтут.
                                                                                                                                                              48
                                                                                                                                                              не видятли образа того, что бог сотворил како на деснои стране тако на шуиеи, да бы молитися его божеству. воистинну они суть уничижающие все, что есть на земли и на небесех.
                                                                                                                                                              49
                                                                                                                                                              зверие, ангели, молятся богу со униженностию,
                                                                                                                                                              50
                                                                                                                                                              и боятся господа своего, и слушают приказание его,
                                                                                                                                                              51
                                                                                                                                                              бог повеле им боятися, и молитися токмо единому себе,
                                                                                                                                                              52
                                                                                                                                                              ему же надлежит быть послушание вечное. кого вы боитеся иного кроме бога ;
                                                                                                                                                              53
                                                                                                                                                              кто вас защитит яко бог, когда постигнет вас зло ;
                                                                                                                                                              54
                                                                                                                                                              прибегаите под покров его божескии, и избавит вас. некоторые из вас не благодарят его за сие,
                                                                                                                                                              55
                                                                                                                                                              и не много веруют его закону. вы не ищете инаго, токмо богатства земли.
                                                                                                                                                              56
                                                                                                                                                              но за сие узрите какое ваше окончание будет.
                                                                                                                                                              54
                                                                                                                                                              рекут : что имение их происходит от идолов их.
                                                                                                                                                              56
                                                                                                                                                              воистинну единаго дни спросят о делех их, и о дерзновении их.
                                                                                                                                                              57
                                                                                                                                                              рекут : что бог имеет дщереи. воистинну они в сем прелщаютца, не суть велми доволны
                                                                                                                                                              58
                                                                                                                                                              когда им сказано, что им родися едина дщерь. они отбегают сих,
                                                                                                                                                              59
                                                                                                                                                              которые сказывают наказания за грехи их. бог оставит их в безчестии их, и будут уничтожены яко земля попрана ногами : понеже они неверуют в день судныи, злость им будет последовать во веки.
                                                                                                                                                              60
                                                                                                                                                              бог будет повелевати всегда, и будет во веки власныи и всемогущии.
                                                                                                                                                              61
                                                                                                                                                              аще бог накажет народ, когда они преступают повеления его, он не оставил бы на земли ни скота, но он отлагает наказание человеком, даже до дни назначенного. он неможет сотворити ни прежде ни после.
                                                                                                                                                              62
                                                                                                                                                              рекут что бог имеет сам, и благотворящым лгут, и рекут, что раи уготован есть им. и несть сумнения в сем боле, токмо что в чем погрешили, за то приимут страх адскии.
                                                                                                                                                              63
                                                                                                                                                              Воистинну послали пророков прежде сего к народу, но диавол вселил крамолство человеком, и был властитель над нечестивыми в сем свете, а во оном услышат превеликую муку.
                                                                                                                                                              64
                                                                                                                                                              Послали мы к тебе алкоран, да бы толковать человеком сумнение к вере их, и произвести правоверных на правыи путь.
                                                                                                                                                              65
                                                                                                                                                              бог посла с небеси дождь плода ради земнаго. И сие есть явное свидетелство от его всемогущества сим, которые слушают словеса его.
                                                                                                                                                              66
                                                                                                                                                              вы еще имеете знак от его божества в скотах, которые дают вам млеко, ради пропитания вашего,
                                                                                                                                                              67
                                                                                                                                                              а иныи знак в плодах земных, в виноградах, и в иных протчих овощиях, откуду вы имеете вино, и получаете произобилство. сии знаки от его всемогущества, тем, которые могут сие разсуждати.
                                                                                                                                                              68
                                                                                                                                                              Господь повеле пчеле жити в поле, и селитца на древе в дупле,
                                                                                                                                                              69
                                                                                                                                                              и ясти всякое овощие. Они произносит мед всяких цветов. которыи служит в болезни человеком, сие суть знаки от его великого божества сим, которые о сем располагают.
                                                                                                                                                              70
                                                                                                                                                              бог сотвори человека, и умертви его. Суть некоторыя между вами, которые полны суть безчестия в жизни своеи, да бы знали что бог весть вся, ибо есть всемогущии.
                                                                                                                                                              71
                                                                                                                                                              он дает благодать единому боле, нежели другому, раби не имеют власти над господами своими, ибо им сего ненадлежит, обаче им надлежащая от бога подобная им, и нужно противитися против милости его.
                                                                                                                                                              72
                                                                                                                                                              бог сотвори вам мужеи и жен, и даде вам детищ, и детем вашим детеи, и обогати вас земными богатствы по сеи милости, будете ли вы веровать во идолов своих погибших, и непотребных, которые суть бездушны ;
                                                                                                                                                              73
                                                                                                                                                              будете ли вы молитися тем, которые вам не могут сотворити ни зла ни добра,
                                                                                                                                                              74
                                                                                                                                                              неверуите что бог имеет собеседника себе. он весть что вы невесте.
                                                                                                                                                              75
                                                                                                                                                              он вам показа притчу : един убогии и бедныи не мог сотворити милостыни, сотвори и богатыи милостыню таино, и явно кому хотел, суть ли они оба равны : да будет хвала богу таино. болшая часть народу не признавают милости его.
                                                                                                                                                              76
                                                                                                                                                              он показует притчу о дву человецех, един родился глух и нем, и вручен оберегателю, но он незна како его употребити, понеже не мог творити добра, ни говорити добра. есть ли подобныи тем, которые говорят и разумеют, которые показуют правду человеком, такожде и последуют истинным путем.
                                                                                                                                                              77
                                                                                                                                                              все что есть на небеси и на земли божие. когда повелевает что нибудь, то во мгновении ока еще скоряе, он весть вся, и есть полномощныи,
                                                                                                                                                              78
                                                                                                                                                              сеи которыи изья от чрева матереи ваших, которыи дает вам слышание и видение и чувствование. может быть что вы о том будете благодарить,
                                                                                                                                                              79
                                                                                                                                                              видите ли вы птиц летающих по воздуху, кто их содержит иныи яко бог, сии суть явственные знаки от его всемогущества правоверные,
                                                                                                                                                              80
                                                                                                                                                              он даде вам домы ради жития вашего, и кожи, и мехи звериные ради одежды вашея. он сотвори древеса и облака, да бы содержати вас в числе.
                                                                                                                                                              81
                                                                                                                                                              он сотвори горы и удолия ради защищения от дождя. он даде вам одежды, ради защищения от солнца, такожде и от холоду. он умножи милость свою над вами, может быть что вы будете благодарить за его великие милости. и да бы произносили милость его.
                                                                                                                                                              82
                                                                                                                                                              аще неверные и преступят от правого пути и закона, тебе не иное что повеленно есть токмо проповедывати явственно.
                                                                                                                                                              83
                                                                                                                                                              они знают милость божескую, токмо уничтоживают. ибо болшая часть между ими, которые суть нечестивые.
                                                                                                                                                              84
                                                                                                                                                              проповедуи им день, когда аз воскрешу весь народ. пророцы и апостоли которые им проповедовали мое приказание, не будут иметь защитити неерных,
                                                                                                                                                              85
                                                                                                                                                              они необрящут вспоможения ни защищения в своих трудех.
                                                                                                                                                              86
                                                                                                                                                              И егда увидят своих идолов, они воспокаютца что они преступили тогда,
                                                                                                                                                              87
                                                                                                                                                              и познают единство господа твоего.
                                                                                                                                                              86
                                                                                                                                                              и что их идолы не могут защитити.
                                                                                                                                                              88
                                                                                                                                                              бог умножи наказание неверным. он им даде зло за зло, понеже они препятствуют народу следовати по закону его.
                                                                                                                                                              89
                                                                                                                                                              проповедуите день когда воскрешу всех с пророками, которые проповедывали, свидетелствовати их делам. аз буду свидетелем которые суть твоего отечества ; аз послах книгу, да бы толковал таиность закона моего, и чтоб народ привести на првыи путь, и благовестити веселие рая, тем которые исповедуют мое единство.
                                                                                                                                                              90
                                                                                                                                                              бог не повелевает иного творити, токмо что есть разсудително, он повелевает вам творити милостыню, и творити добро родителем вашим. такожде заповедует творити блудодеяние, непослушливые и неправедные повелевает вам творити добро, может быть что вы о том будете мыслит,
                                                                                                                                                              91
                                                                                                                                                              творите должность вашу, что вы обещали богу. не будите противны закону настоящему призвасте бога во свидетелство вашим обещанием, он весть вся что вы творите.
                                                                                                                                                              92
                                                                                                                                                              не творите тако, како жены которые творят пронырство, и по том все во тще творение их. не верте что они имеют лукавство и замешание закону вашего аще неверные суть в болшем числе како вы, обаче бог позволяет да бы ты их испытал. он будет вам толковать в день судныи сумнение ваше, которое есть между вами.
                                                                                                                                                              93
                                                                                                                                                              аще бы он восхотел, все бы вы сохраняли един закон. он ведет и уничтоживает кого хощет. и спросит у вас отповеди вскоре вашим деиствам. не мыслите что есть лукавство в законе вашем.
                                                                                                                                                              94
                                                                                                                                                              опасаитеся по обещанию вашему. вы будете жестоко наказани, аще вы преступите и склоните народ от праваго пути.
                                                                                                                                                              95
                                                                                                                                                              не будите противны вашему обещанию ни за какую цену, како вы обещалися богу. ибо милость его лутче, нежели сокровища земная, аще вы можете сие сохранить.
                                                                                                                                                              96
                                                                                                                                                              ваше имение есть прешедшее, а имение небесное есть вечное.
                                                                                                                                                              97
                                                                                                                                                              он будет воздавати сим которые творят добро, и будут благословени в сем свете и будущем.
                                                                                                                                                              98
                                                                                                                                                              когда будет читати алкоран, проси бога да бы избаивл тя от злости диаволския, которыи смущает все создание.
                                                                                                                                                              99
                                                                                                                                                              он неимеет возможности над теми, которые уповают на милость божию.
                                                                                                                                                              100
                                                                                                                                                              он имеет власт над теми которые отщетилися, и которые ему послушни, и которые молятся многим богом,
                                                                                                                                                              101
                                                                                                                                                              аще мы и пременим какие ни будь заповеди, [бог весть что он повелевает,] они рекут, что ты еси лжец, ни како. болшая часть между ими суть несведома.
                                                                                                                                                              102
                                                                                                                                                              рцы им : что воистинну святыи дух научил от господа твоего, да бы утвердити в вере их, и привести на правыи путь сих, которые исповедуют его единство, и проповедати веселие рая.
                                                                                                                                                              103
                                                                                                                                                              аз вем что они рекут, будто некоторыи человек научи его алкорану. которые дерзают что научен тако. есть изгнанныи от отечества персицкаго. и говорят языком персицким : а алкоран написан на языке арапском, наполнен всякими обученими.
                                                                                                                                                              104
                                                                                                                                                              аще которые неверуют в бога, услышат прежестокую муку,
                                                                                                                                                              105
                                                                                                                                                              и которые отрицаютца от закону его, и дерзают проитв его божества, и которые отвергают закон его по проповедании,
                                                                                                                                                              106
                                                                                                                                                              будут слышать гнев его, и будут наказани,
                                                                                                                                                              107
                                                                                                                                                              иже полагают равно сокровище небесное с земным. бог не производит неверных,
                                                                                                                                                              108
                                                                                                                                                              имже вселися в сердце непослушание, заткнуша усеша своя и закрыша зеницы.
                                                                                                                                                              109
                                                                                                                                                              таковии кроме всякого сумнения во окончание света, в числе погибших поставятся,
                                                                                                                                                              110
                                                                                                                                                              он есть милосердыи тем которые имеют покаяние, а которые отчаяваются, и которые отвлекают народ от правого пути, и которые терпят в послушании его повеления,
                                                                                                                                                              111
                                                                                                                                                              воспомяни ты день, когда человецы станут истязоватися сами противу себя, и всякии будет иметь возмездие по делом своим без всякия неправды.
                                                                                                                                                              112
                                                                                                                                                              бог показа вам едину притчу, то есть един град разореныи и неволныи, которому посла бог со всех стран милости и удоволствования, но неблагодарныи бысть о его благосотворении. тогда посла на него убожество и мор, и страх за его недостоинство.
                                                                                                                                                              113
                                                                                                                                                              такожде посла пророка к живущим от их отечества, но они то пренебрегли, и были мучими их ради грехов.
                                                                                                                                                              114
                                                                                                                                                              яждте что бог вам даде, и благодарите за милость его. сеи емуже вы молитеся,
                                                                                                                                                              115
                                                                                                                                                              запрети вам ясти мертвечину, руду, мясо свиное, и все что есть неупотреблено во имя божие. он будет щедр и милостив тем, которые будут ясти в нужде без всякого своего произволения.
                                                                                                                                                              116
                                                                                                                                                              нелгите когда вы говорите между собою. зрите что повеленно есть, недерзаите противу бога,
                                                                                                                                                              117
                                                                                                                                                              иже дерзают противу его не имеют ни какого обретения, будут чувствовать превеликую муку во оном свете,
                                                                                                                                                              118
                                                                                                                                                              прежде всего запретили мы жидам ясти то, что выше сего оглавил, вы несотворили неправды никому, токмо сами себе.
                                                                                                                                                              119
                                                                                                                                                              господь твои щедрыи и милостивыи тем, которые согрешают в нечаянии и воспокаиваются, творя добрые дела,
                                                                                                                                                              120
                                                                                                                                                              Авраам бысть послушлив богу, и почитал его единство, не молился идолом, и благодарил бога за милость его.
                                                                                                                                                              121
                                                                                                                                                              бог его изобра и произведе его на правыи путь,
                                                                                                                                                              122
                                                                                                                                                              и даде ему всякое удоволствование в сем свете, и всели его во оном числе благом :
                                                                                                                                                              123
                                                                                                                                                              мы тебе повелели, да бы изъследовал закон авраамов. он проповеда единство божества и не молился идолом.
                                                                                                                                                              124
                                                                                                                                                              он содела субботу между жидами, о чем они истязуются. бог разсудит их разность в день судныи.
                                                                                                                                                              125
                                                                                                                                                              призываи народ к закону божескому со всяким искушением, и истязуися с ними с благим разсуждением. бог знает сих, которые уничтоживают прямыи путь.
                                                                                                                                                              126
                                                                                                                                                              аще ты будеш творити зло, твори им како они вам будут творити, аще вы будете терпети, от сего происходит благополучие,
                                                                                                                                                              127
                                                                                                                                                              терпи любви ради божескои, не печался о не почтении и злости нечестивых,
                                                                                                                                                              128
                                                                                                                                                              бог есть с благотворящими, и которые имеют страх его пред очима своима.
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                                                                                                                                                              Marracci, 1698Context
                                                                                                                                                              X

                                                                                                                                                              SURA XVI.
                                                                                                                                                              APES.
                                                                                                                                                              MECCANA :
                                                                                                                                                              COMMATUM CENTUM, & VIGINTI OCTO.
                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                                                              1.  Venit Imperium Dei (idest propè est Dei vindicta, vel judicium ) ne ergo acceleretis illud. Laus ejus, & exaltetur ab eo, quod associant (idest procul absit, ut habeat deos socios ).
                                                                                                                                                              2
                                                                                                                                                              2.  Descendere faciet Angelos cum spiritu per imperium suum, super quem voluerit de servis suis, & dicet illis  : Prædicate, quòd non est Deus, nisi ego : itaque timete me.
                                                                                                                                                              3
                                                                                                                                                              3.  Creavit Cœlos, & terram cum veritate : exaltetur ab eo, quod associant.
                                                                                                                                                              4
                                                                                                                                                              4.  Creavit hominem ex spermate, & ecce ipse est disceptator manifestus circa mortuorum resurrectionem.
                                                                                                                                                              5
                                                                                                                                                              5.  Et pecudes creavit : vobis in illis est materia ad calefaciendum ( idest lana, & pili ) & utilitates aliæ, & ex ipsis vescimini.
                                                                                                                                                              6
                                                                                                                                                              6.  Et vobis in illis est decor, cùm vespere ad stabula reducitis eas, & cùm manè in pascua educitis.
                                                                                                                                                              7
                                                                                                                                                              7.  Et portant onera vestra ad regionem, ad quam non eratis perventuri, nisi cum difficultate personarum vestrarum  : quippe Dominus vester verè est benignus, misericors.
                                                                                                                                                              8
                                                                                                                                                              8.  Et creavit equos, & mulos, & asinos, ut conscendatis eos, & ad ornamentum, & creabit alia, quæ non nostis.
                                                                                                                                                              9
                                                                                                                                                              9.  Et ad Deum spectat demonstrare viam rectam, & ab ea invenitur aliquis declinans. Et si voluisset, certè direxisset vos universos.
                                                                                                                                                              10
                                                                                                                                                              10.  Ipse est, qui demisit è Cœlo aquam : vobis est ex ea potus, & ex ea oritur arbor : in ea pascitis pecora vestra.
                                                                                                                                                              11
                                                                                                                                                              11.  Germinare facit vobis per eam semen, & oleam, & palmam, & uvas, & ex omnibus fructibus. Certè in hoc est sanè signum unitatis Dei hominibus, qui id mente recogitant.
                                                                                                                                                              12
                                                                                                                                                              12.  Et coegit gratis servire vobis noctem, & diem ; & solem, & lunam, & stellas subjectas gratuitæ servituti per imperium suum. Certè in hoc sunt sanè signa hominibus, qui intelligunt.
                                                                                                                                                              13
                                                                                                                                                              13.  Et subjecit vobis, quod creavit vobis in terra diversum coloribus suis. Certè in hoc verè est signum hominibus, qui memoria recolunt illud.
                                                                                                                                                              14
                                                                                                                                                              14.  Et ipse est, qui subegit vobis mare, ut comedatis ex eo carnem recentem (idest pisces ) & extrahatis ex eo ornamentum (idest uniones, & purpuram ) quo induamini. Et vides naves sulcantes illud, & ut exquiratis, mercaturam exercendo per navigationem de abundantia ejus (idest Dei ) & ut vos gratias agatis illi propter hoc.
                                                                                                                                                              15
                                                                                                                                                              15.  Et conjecit in terra montes stabiles, ne moveretur vobiscum, & flumina, & semitas, ut vos dirigeremini.
                                                                                                                                                              16
                                                                                                                                                              16.  Et posuit signa (idest indicia viarum ) & per stellas ipsi diriguntur.
                                                                                                                                                              17
                                                                                                                                                              17.  An ergo, qui creat, erit sicut, qui non creat ? An ergo non recogitatis ?
                                                                                                                                                              18
                                                                                                                                                              18.  Quòd, si numeraveritis beneficia Dei : non assequemini computum eorum : quippe Deus verè est indultor, misericors.
                                                                                                                                                              19
                                                                                                                                                              19.  Et Deus scit, quod occultatis, & quod propalatis.
                                                                                                                                                              20
                                                                                                                                                              20.  Et, quos invocant præter Deum, non creant, quidquam, & ipsi creantur.
                                                                                                                                                              21
                                                                                                                                                              21.  Mortui sunt, non vivi, & non intelligunt, quandò suscitabuntur (idest formabuntur ab artificibus ).
                                                                                                                                                              22
                                                                                                                                                              22.  Deus vester, Deus unus est. Qui verò non credunt in futurum sęculum : corda eorum sunt abnegantia unitatem Dei, & ipsi sunt superbè repellentes veritatem.
                                                                                                                                                              23
                                                                                                                                                              23.  Non est dubium, quin Deus sciat, quod occultant, &, quod manifestant : certè ipse non amat superbientes.
                                                                                                                                                              24
                                                                                                                                                              24.  Et, cùm dicitur illis : Quid demisit Dominus vester ad Mahumetum  ? Responderunt : Figmenta Priorum.
                                                                                                                                                              25
                                                                                                                                                              25.  Ut portent pondera sua integra (idest peccata sua nullatenùs expiata ) in die resurrectionis, & partem ex ponderibus eorum, qui errare faciunt eos sine scientia. Nonne malum erit onus, quod portabunt ?
                                                                                                                                                              26
                                                                                                                                                              26.  Jam dolosè egerunt, qui fuerunt ante eos : venitque Deus ad ædificium eorum, ut destrueret illud à fundamentis : idcircò cecidit super eos tectum à parte superiori eorum, & advenit illis pœna de unde non animadvertebant.
                                                                                                                                                              27
                                                                                                                                                              27.  Deindè in die resurrectionis pudefaciet eos, & dicet : Ubi sunt socii mei ( idest dii vestri, quos associabatis mihi ) de quibus disceptabatis contra fideles  ? Respondebunt illi, qui donati fuerunt scientia (idest fideles ) profectò confusio erit hodie, & malum super infideles.
                                                                                                                                                              28
                                                                                                                                                              28.  Illi, quos morti tradent Angeli, iniquos contra animas suas : offerent concordiam in articulo mortis, dicentes  : Non fecimus quidquam mali. Sed respondebunt Angeli : Fecistis utique. Certè Deus est sciens in eo, quod operabamini.
                                                                                                                                                              29
                                                                                                                                                              29.  Ingredimini ergo portas Gehennæ jugiter mansuri in ea, & sanè miserum erit receptaculum Protervorum.
                                                                                                                                                              30
                                                                                                                                                              30.  Et dicetur illis, qui pii fuerint : Quidnam demisit Dominus vester ? Respondebunt : Optimum illis, qui benefecerunt : in hoc mundo bonum erit illis, & certè Palatium alterius vitæ erit melius, & profectò euge Palatium Piorum.
                                                                                                                                                              31
                                                                                                                                                              31.  Horti Eden, in quos ingredientur ; currunt subter eos flumina : ipsis erit in illis, quod voluerint. Ita remunerabit Deus Pios.
                                                                                                                                                              32
                                                                                                                                                              32.  Illis, quos morti tradent Angeli, bonis, dicent, Pax super vos : ingredimini Paradisum ob id, quod fuistis operati.
                                                                                                                                                              33
                                                                                                                                                              33.  An expectant infideles, nisi, ut veniant ad eos Angeli ad eos occidendos, aut veniat imperium Domini tui (idest pœna, vel ultio illius ) ? Ita fecerunt, qui fuerunt ante eos, & non injustus fuit in eos Deus : sed ipsi animas suas injustè tractaverunt.
                                                                                                                                                              34
                                                                                                                                                              34.  Et inciderunt illis mala in pœnam illius, quod fecerunt, & descendit super eos supplicium , quod irridebant.
                                                                                                                                                              35
                                                                                                                                                              35.  Et dixerunt, qui associabant (idest idololatræ ) si voluisset Deus, non coluissemus præter eum quidquam nos, neque patres nostri : neque prohibuissemus sine illo (idest sine illius imperio ) rem ullam. Ita faciebant (idest dicebant ) qui fuerunt ante eos. An verò ad Legatos spectat, nisi prædicatio manifesta ?
                                                                                                                                                              36
                                                                                                                                                              36.  Et jam quidem suscitavimus in omni gente Legatum, qui diceret eis  : Colite Deum, & aversamini idola. Ex his verò aliquos direxit Deus, & ex his alicui debitum fuit ob Dei prædestinationem errare. Perambulate igitur terram, & inspicite, quomodò fuit finis mendacia imponentium legatis suis.
                                                                                                                                                              37
                                                                                                                                                              37.  Si solicitus es, ò Mahumete, super directionem eorum. Certè Deus non diriget, quem errare fecerit : neque erunt illis ulli adjutores.
                                                                                                                                                              38
                                                                                                                                                              38.  Et juraverunt per Deum toto conatu juramentorum suorum, dicentes  : Non suscitabit Deus eum, qui mortuus fuerit. Imò suscitabit eum  ; promissio de hoc vera est, sed plerique hominum ignorant.
                                                                                                                                                              39
                                                                                                                                                              39.  Ut clarum faciat eis id, in quo sunt discordes, & ut sciant, qui sunt infideles, se esse mendaces.
                                                                                                                                                              40
                                                                                                                                                              40.  Profectò dictum nostrum ad rem rei, cùm voluerimus eam, erit, quòd dicamus ei : Esto, & erit.
                                                                                                                                                              41
                                                                                                                                                              41.  Et, qui patria emigraverint pro Deo, postquam iniquè vexati sunt : certè faciemus habitare eos in hoc mundo pulchrè, & quidem merces alterius vitæ erit major. Si scivissent hoc infideles, certè fidem amplexi fuissent.
                                                                                                                                                              42
                                                                                                                                                              42.  Qui patienter sustinuerint, & super Dominum suum innixi fuerint providebit illis Deus unde non opinantur.
                                                                                                                                                              43
                                                                                                                                                              43.  Et non misimus ante te, nisi viros, non autem Angelos  : loquebamur per revelationem ad eos. Interrogate porrò familiam commonitionis (idest peritos Pentateuchi, & Euangelii : seu Judęos, & Christianos ) si vos nescitis hoc ; ipsi enim sciunt.
                                                                                                                                                              44
                                                                                                                                                              44.   Misimus autem illos cum evidentibus argumentis, & libris, & demisimus ad te commonitionem (idest Alcoranum ) ut declares hominibus id, quod demissum est ad eos, & ut ipsi mente revolvant.
                                                                                                                                                              45
                                                                                                                                                              45.  An ergo securi fuerunt, qui machinati sunt mala contra Mahumetum, ne dehiscere faceret Deus sub illis terram, vel ne veniret ad eos pœna, unde non putabant ?
                                                                                                                                                              46
                                                                                                                                                              46.  Vel ne puniret eos in circuitione ipsorum (idest, dùm mercaturæ gratia itinerabantur ) neque ipsi imbecillem erant reddituri Deum, ne ipsos puniret.
                                                                                                                                                              47
                                                                                                                                                              47.  Vel ne puniret eos, paulatim imminuendo res eorum  ? Certè Dominus vester verè est pius, misericors.
                                                                                                                                                              48
                                                                                                                                                              48.  Nonne viderunt id, quod creavit Deus rerum, quomodò inflectantur umbræ ejus à dextris, & sinistris, adorantes Deum, & ipsę sunt parvescentes (idest sese imminuunt ).
                                                                                                                                                              49
                                                                                                                                                              49.  Et Deum adorat, quod est in Cœlis, & quod in terra ex bestiis, & Angeli, & ipsi non efferuntur in superbiam, dedignantes eum adorare.
                                                                                                                                                              50
                                                                                                                                                              50.  Timent Dominum suum supra se exaltatum, & faciunt id, quod jubentur.
                                                                                                                                                              51
                                                                                                                                                              51.  Et dixit Deus : Ne accipiatis deos duos ; quippe ipse est Deus unus, & me, timete me.
                                                                                                                                                              52
                                                                                                                                                              52.  Et ipsius est, quod existit in Cœlis, & terra, & ipsi est religio perpetua. An ergo præter Deum timebitis alium  ?
                                                                                                                                                              53
                                                                                                                                                              53.  Et, quod est in vobis de gratia (idest bonorum ) certè est à Deo. Tùm ubi tetigerit vos nocumentum (idest aliquid adversi vobis acciderit ) profectò ad eum deprecantes clamabitis.
                                                                                                                                                              54
                                                                                                                                                              54.  Deindè ubi relevaverit nocumentum à vobis : ecce pars ex vobis in Domino suo socium ponunt.
                                                                                                                                                              55
                                                                                                                                                              55.  Ut infideliter se gerant pro eo, quod dedimus illis. Fruimini sanè in cultu deorum vestrorum  : atqui mox scietis, quid vobis eveniet.
                                                                                                                                                              56
                                                                                                                                                              56.  Et constituunt ei, quod nesciunt (idest idolis ) partem ex eo, quod in alimentum dedimus illis. Per Deum sanè rationem reddetis de eo, quod comminiscimini.
                                                                                                                                                              57
                                                                                                                                                              57.  Et tribuunt Deo filias. Laus ejus. Et sibi eligunt id, quod desiderant (idest filios ).
                                                                                                                                                              58
                                                                                                                                                              58.  Et ubi affertur nuncium alicui eorum de fœmina, evadit facies ejus nigra, & ipse tristitia plenus.
                                                                                                                                                              59
                                                                                                                                                              59.  Occultat sese à populo ob malum illius, quod ipsi nunciatum est, hæret dubius, an retineat illud cum vilipendio, neque occidat  : an verò sepeliat illud in pulvere. Nonne malum est id, quod judicant ?
                                                                                                                                                              60
                                                                                                                                                              60.  Illis, qui non credunt in alteram vitam, competit similitudo mali, & Deo similitudo altissima, & ipse est Præpotens, sapiens.
                                                                                                                                                              61
                                                                                                                                                              61.  Quod si puniret Deus homines propter iniquitatem eorum : non relinqueret super eam (idest terram ) ullam bestiam. Verùm differt eos usque ad terminum nominatum (idest pręfixum. ) Cùm autem venerit terminus eorum, non procrastinabunt unam horam, neque anticipabunt.
                                                                                                                                                              62
                                                                                                                                                              62.  Et tribuunt Deo id, quod ipsi refugiunt (idest filias ) & proferunt linguæ eorum mendacium, quod scilicet ipsis erit Optimum (idest Paradisus. ) Non est dubium, quin ipsis dandus sit Ignis, & quin ipsi derelinquendi sint in eo.
                                                                                                                                                              63
                                                                                                                                                              63.  Per Deum, jam quidem misimus legatos ad gentes ante te, & adornavit illis Satanas opera eorum (idest fecit, ut apparerent bona, cùm essent mala ) & ipse erat patronus eorum hodie ( idest in hoc mundo ) & ipsis erit in futuro sęculo pœna discrucians.
                                                                                                                                                              64
                                                                                                                                                              64.  Et non demisimus super te Librum, nisi ut declarares illis id, in quo sunt discordes circa religionem, & ad directionem, & misericordiam hominibus, qui credunt.
                                                                                                                                                              65
                                                                                                                                                              65.  Et Deus demisit è Cœlo aquam, & vivificavit per eam terram post mortem ejus. Certè in hoc est sanè signum resurrectionis hominibus, qui audiunt.
                                                                                                                                                              66
                                                                                                                                                              66.  Et quidem est vobis in pecoribus profectò exemplum ad eruditionem. Potamus vos de eo, quod est in uteris ejus (idest eorum ) inter sedimentum excrementorum, & sanguinem : videlicet , lac defecatum, facile ad deglutiendum bibentibus.
                                                                                                                                                              67
                                                                                                                                                              67.  Et ex fructibus palmarum, & uvarum percipitis ex eo (idest ex illis ) ebrietatem (idest vinum, quo inebriamini ) & alimentum bonum. Certè in hoc est signum potentiæ divinæ hominibus, qui intelligunt.
                                                                                                                                                              68
                                                                                                                                                              68.  Et dixit per inspirationem Dominus tuus ad APEM ; Fac tibi ex montibus domos, & ex arboribus, & ex eo, quo homines tibi construent domos.
                                                                                                                                                              69
                                                                                                                                                              69.  Deindè comede ex omnibus fructibus, & ambula per semitas Domini tui faciles tibi, egreditur ex ventribus earum potus diversus coloribus : in eo est sanitas hominibus. Certè in hoc est sanè signum hominibus, qui recogitant.
                                                                                                                                                              70
                                                                                                                                                              70.  Et Deus creavit vos : deindè defungi faciet vos, & ex vobis aliquis reducetur ad deterius ætatis ; itaut nesciat post scientiam quidquam ( idest obliviscatur omninò illius, quod sciebat ) quippe Deus est sciens, potens.
                                                                                                                                                              71
                                                                                                                                                              71.  Et Deus excellentes fecit alios vestrum super alios in opibus : neque, qui excellentiores facti sunt, sunt impartientes opes suas iis, quos possederunt dexteræ eorum (idest captivis suis ) itaut hi sint in illis opibus æquales. An ergo beneficentiam Dei inficiantur ?
                                                                                                                                                              72
                                                                                                                                                              72.  Et Deus posuit vobis ex animabus vestris conjuges (nam mulieres nascuntur ex viris, & Heva formata est ex Adam ) & posuit vobis ex conjugibus vestris filios, & nepotes ; & alimoniam dedit vobis ex rebus bonis. An ergo in vanitatem (idest idola ) credunt, & in beneficia Dei ipsi sunt ingrati ?
                                                                                                                                                              73
                                                                                                                                                              73.  Et colunt præter Deum, quod non possidet, ut det illis alimoniam, è Cœlis, & terra, rem ullam, & non possunt aliquid efficere.
                                                                                                                                                              74
                                                                                                                                                              74.  Ne ergo ponatis Deo similitudines : quippe Deus scit, & vos nescitis.
                                                                                                                                                              75
                                                                                                                                                              75.  Proposuit Deus in parabolam servum possessum, qui non possit ullam rem, & hominem liberum, cui præbuimus in sustentationem ex nobis proventum bonum ; ipse verò dilargitur ex eo clam, & palam. An duo isti æquales erunt ? Laus Deo. Sed plerique eorum nesciunt.
                                                                                                                                                              76
                                                                                                                                                              76.  Et proposuit Deus in parabolam duos viros : unum eorum mutum à nativitate ; non potest præstare rem ullam, & ipse gravis est super herum suum : quocunque miserit illum, non veniet cum bono (idest nihil efficiet ). An adæquabitur hic, & ille, qui præcipit justum, & ipse est in via recta ?
                                                                                                                                                              77
                                                                                                                                                              77.  Et Deo est arcanum Cœlorum, & terræ, & non erit negocium Horæ (idest dies judicii ) nisi sicut ictus oculi, vel ipsum erit celerius : quippe Deus ad omnem rem est potens.
                                                                                                                                                              78
                                                                                                                                                              78.  Et Deus eduxit vos de uteris matrum vestrarum : nesciebatis quidquam, & dedit vobis auditum, & visum, & corda, ut vos gratias ageretis.
                                                                                                                                                              79
                                                                                                                                                              79.  Nonne respiciunt in aves agitatas volando in intercapedine Cœli ? Non retinebit eas, ne volent, nisi Deus. Certè in hoc sunt sanè signa hominibus, qui credunt.
                                                                                                                                                              80
                                                                                                                                                              80.  Et Deus effecit vobis ex domibus vestris habitationem, & fecit vobis ex pellibus pecudum domos (idest tentoria ) levigatis eas die itineris vestri, & die stationis vestræ (idest ad standum, & ambulandum ) Et ex velleribus earum, & pilis earum, & crinibus earum ad utensilia, & supellectilem usque ad tempus.
                                                                                                                                                              81
                                                                                                                                                              81.  Et Deus posuit vobis ex eo, quod creavit, umbracula, & posuit vobis ex montibus latibula, & dedit vobis tunicas, quæ tuentur vos à calore (idest à frigore ) & tunicas, quæ tuentur vos in præliis vestris. Ita complet beneficentiam suam erga vos, ut vos dedatis vos ipsos illi.
                                                                                                                                                              82
                                                                                                                                                              82.  Quòd, si tergiversati fuerint ; profectò ad te spectat tantummodò annunciatio manifesta.
                                                                                                                                                              83
                                                                                                                                                              83.  Agnoscunt beneficentiam Dei, deindè abnegant illam, & plerique eorum sunt infideles.
                                                                                                                                                              84
                                                                                                                                                              84.  Et die quadam suscitabimus ex omni gente testem (idest die judicii, qua contra quamlibet gentem consurget propheta, qui prædicaverat ei ) Tùm non annuetur iis, qui fuerint infideles ; neque ipsi in gratiam recipientur.
                                                                                                                                                              85
                                                                                                                                                              85.  Et ubi viderint iis, qui iniquè egerint, tormentum ignis  : neque alleviabitur ab ipsis, neque ipsi expectabuntur (idest statim conjicientur in illud ).
                                                                                                                                                              86
                                                                                                                                                              86.  Et cùm viderint ii, qui associaverunt, associatos suos (idest idololatræ deos suos, seu dæmonas ), dicent : Domine noster, isti sunt associati nostri, quos invocabamus præter te. At illi jacient ad eos dictum (idest respondebunt eis ) Certè vos estis prorsus mendaces.
                                                                                                                                                              87
                                                                                                                                                              87.  Et conjicient ad Deum die illa concordiam ( idest postulabunt ab eo pacem ) & errabit ab eis id, quod commenti fuerant (idest abscondent se ab eis dii eorum ).
                                                                                                                                                              88
                                                                                                                                                              88.  Qui infideles fuerint, & excluserint alios à semita, Dei augebimus illis pœnam supra pœnam, eo quòd corruperint alios.
                                                                                                                                                              89
                                                                                                                                                              89.  Et die quadam suscitabimus in omni gente testem contra eos ex animabus eorum (idest Prophetam, seu legatum è genere ipsorum ) & adducemus te testem contra hos (idest Arabes ). Et demisimus super te librum ad declarationem omnis rei, & directionem, & misericordiam, & faustum nuncium Moslemis.
                                                                                                                                                              90
                                                                                                                                                              90.  Certè Deus præcipit justitiam, & beneficentiam, & donationem partis facultatum habentibus propinquitatem, & prohibet à flagitio, & injustitia, & sycophantia : hortatur vos, ut vos commonefiatis.
                                                                                                                                                              91
                                                                                                                                                              91.  Et complete pactum Dei cùm pactum iniistis, & ne infringatis juramenta post ratificationem eorum. Et jam constituistis Deum super vos fidejussorem. Certè Deus scit id, quod facitis.
                                                                                                                                                              92
                                                                                                                                                              92.  Et ne sitis sicut illa, quæ dissoluit netum suum post firmitatem multoties dissolvendo, dùm assumitis juramenta vestra fraudolenter inter vos, eo, quòd fit gens ipsa numerosior, quàm gens ( idest una pars numerosior sit, vel potentior altera ). Certè tentabit vos Deus in hoc, & profectò evidens faciet vobis die resurrectionis id, in quo discordes eratis.
                                                                                                                                                              93
                                                                                                                                                              93.  Quòd, si voluisset Deus, certè fecisset vos gentem unam ( idest unius religionis ) Sed errare facit, quem vult, & dirigit, quem vult. Et profectò rationem reddetis de eo, quod fueritis operati.
                                                                                                                                                              94
                                                                                                                                                              94.  Et ne assumatis juramenta vestra fraudolenter inter vos, ne labatur pes post stabilitatem suam, & gustetis malum eo, quòd averteritis alios à semita Dei, & eveniat vobis pœna magna.
                                                                                                                                                              95
                                                                                                                                                              95.  Et ne negociemini cum pacto Dei pretium parvum (idest, ne violetis illud ob exiguum lucrum ). Utique apud Deum erit melius vobis, si scieretis.
                                                                                                                                                              96
                                                                                                                                                              96.  Quod est apud vos, deficiet, & quod est apud Deum, erit permanens. Et quidem rependemus iis, qui constantes fuerint, mercedem suam, pro optimo illius, quod fuerint operati.
                                                                                                                                                              97
                                                                                                                                                              97.  Qui fecerit rectum, sit masculus, sive fœmina, & ipse fuerit credens, omninò vivicabimus eum vita bona, & certè rependemus eis mercedem eorum, pro optimo illius, quod fuerint operati.
                                                                                                                                                              98
                                                                                                                                                              98.  Cùm verò leges Alcoranum, recurre ad auxilium Dei, ut custodiat te à Satana lapidato.
                                                                                                                                                              99
                                                                                                                                                              99.  Porrò non est illi potestas super eos, qui credunt, & super Dominum suum innituntur.
                                                                                                                                                              100
                                                                                                                                                              100.  Utique potestas ejus est super eos, qui accipiunt ipsum in Præsidem, & qui sunt in eo (idest Deo ) associantes.
                                                                                                                                                              101
                                                                                                                                                              101.  Cùm autem commutaverimus signum loco signi (idest versum Alcorani in alium versum ) (Deus autem est scientissimus de eo, quod demittit) (i. quid revelet in Alcorano ) dicent tibi infideles  : Profectò tu es confictor hujusmodi versuum. Atqui plerique eorum nesciunt.
                                                                                                                                                              102
                                                                                                                                                              102.  Dic : Demisit illum (i. Alcoranum ) spiritus sanctitatis ( i. Gabriel ) à Domino tuo cum veritate, ut confirmet eos, qui crediderunt, & ad directionem, & faustum nuncium Moslemis.
                                                                                                                                                              103
                                                                                                                                                              103.  Et, quidem jam novimus, quod ipsi dicunt : Profectò docet eum (idest Mahumetum ) homo. Lingua, ad quam inclinant (idest, qua loquuntur homines illi, à quibus dicunt Mahumetum doceri ) est barbara : hæc autem, qua scriptus est Alcoranus, est lingua Arabica, clara (idest elegans ).
                                                                                                                                                              104
                                                                                                                                                              104.  Porrò, qui non credunt in signa Dei, non diriget eos Deus, & ipsis erit pœna dolorifica.
                                                                                                                                                              105
                                                                                                                                                              105.  Profectò confingunt mendacium, qui non credunt in signa Dei, & hi sunt mentientes.
                                                                                                                                                              106
                                                                                                                                                              106.  Qui abnegaverit Deum post fidem suam (idest, postquam credidit in eum ) præter eum, qui invitus coactus fuerit ad abnegandum eum verbis  ; sed cor ejus fuerit firmiter permanens in fide (gravis huic fiat comminatio ). Verumtamen, qui manifestaverit in infidelitate pectus (idest, qui ostenderit, se fidem libenti animo abnegare ) super hos erit ira à Deo, & his erit pœna magna.
                                                                                                                                                              107
                                                                                                                                                              107.  Hoc, quia ipsi dilexerunt vitam mundanam plusquam alteram vitam, & quia Deus non diriget homines infideles.
                                                                                                                                                              108
                                                                                                                                                              108.  Hi sunt, quibus sigillum impressit Deus super corda eorum, & auditum eorum, & aspectus eorum, & hi sunt negligentes.
                                                                                                                                                              109
                                                                                                                                                              109.  Non est dubium, quin ipsi in altera vita sint perituri.
                                                                                                                                                              110
                                                                                                                                                              110.  Tùm certè Dominus tuus illis, qui transmigraverunt è Mecca in Medinam, posteaquam divexati fuerunt (idest coacti suppliciis ad abnegandam fidem ore tenus ) deindè decertaverunt, & constantes fuerunt (in fide ) profectò Dominus tuus post eam abnegationem erit illis sanè indultor, misericors.
                                                                                                                                                              111
                                                                                                                                                              111.  Die quadam veniet omnis anima, causam actura pro se ipsa, & satisfiet omni animæ pro eo, quod fuerit operata, & ipsi non tractabuntur injustè.
                                                                                                                                                              112
                                                                                                                                                              112.  Et proposuit Deus in parabolam urbem, quæ erat secura, tutò quiescens, veniebat ad eam annona ejus abundanter ex omni loco : sed ingrata fuit beneficiis Dei : proptereà gustare fecit eam Deus indumentum famis (idest extremam famem septem annorum ; hoc enim evenit Meccæ ) & timoris armorum Mahumeti, propter id, quod fecerant.
                                                                                                                                                              113